Ukwabelana ngomdwebo wesifunda seshaja yebhethri yelanga

Aishaja yebhethri yelanga iyidivayisi esebenzisa amandla elanga ukushaja futhi ngokuvamile iqukethe iphaneli yelanga, isilawuli sokushaja nebhethri. Umgomo wayo wokusebenza ukuguqula amandla elanga abe amandla kagesi, bese ugcina amandla kagesi ebhethri ngesilawuli sokushaja. Uma ukushajwa kuyadingeka, ngokuxhuma izinto zokushaja ezihambisanayo (ezifana nomakhalekhukhwini, amaphilisi, njll.), amandla kagesi ebhethri azodluliselwa kumshini wokushaja ukuze ushajwe.

Isimiso sokusebenza samashaja ebhethri elanga sisekelwe kumphumela we-photovoltaic, okungukuthi lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kushaya iphaneli yelanga, amandla okukhanya aguqulwa abe amandla kagesi. La mandla kagesi azocutshungulwa yisilawuli sokushaja, okuhlanganisa ukulungisa amandla kagesi kanye nemingcele yamanje ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukushaja okuphephile nokusebenza kahle. Injongo yebhethri ukugcina amandla kagesi ukuze inikeze amandla lapho kunokukhanya kwelanga okuncane noma kungekho.

Amashaja ebhethri elanga anohlelo olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza, okuhlanganisa kodwa akupheleli kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:

Imishini yangaphandle: njengomakhalekhukhwini, amaphilisi, amakhamera, amathoshi, njll., ikakhulukazi endle noma ezindaweni lapho zingekho ezinye izindlela zokushaja.

Izimoto zikagesi welanga nemikhumbi yelanga: Inikeza amandla engeziwe kumabhethri alawa madivaysi.

Izibani zasemgwaqweni zelanga namabhodi ebhodi elanga: hlinzeka ngogesi ngomphumela we-photovoltaic, unciphisa ukuncika kugesi wendabuko.

Izindawo ezikude noma amazwe asathuthuka: Kulezi zindawo, amashaja ebhethri elanga angasebenza njengendlela ethembekile yokunikeza amandla kubahlali.

Ngamafuphi, ishaja yebhethri yelanga iyisisetshenziswa esisebenzisa amandla elanga ukushaja. Isimiso sayo sokusebenza sisekelwe kumphumela we-photovoltaic wokuguqula amandla okukhanya abe amandla kagesi. Ngenxa yokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukonga amandla kanye nezici zokwethembeka, amashaja ebhethri elanga anamathemba abanzi okusebenza emikhakheni eyahlukene.

Okulandelayo, umhleli uzokwabelana nawe ngemidwebo yesekhethi yeshaja yebhethri yelanga kanye nokuhlaziywa kafushane kwezimiso zokusebenza kwazo.

Ukwabelana ngomdwebo wesifunda seshaja yebhethri yelanga

Umdwebo wesifunda sesekhethi yeshaja yebhethri ye-lithium-ion (1)

Isekhethi yeshaja yebhethri ye-lithium-ion elula yelanga eklanywe kusetshenziswa i-IC CN3065 enezingxenye ezimbalwa zangaphandle. Lo mjikelezo uhlinzeka nge-voltage ephumayo engaguquki futhi singalungisa nezinga le-voltage engaguquki ngenani le-Rx (lapha Rx = R3). Lo mjikelezo usebenzisa i-4.4V kuya ku-6V yephaneli yelanga njengomthombo wamandla okokufaka,

I-IC CN3065 iyishaja engaguquki yamanje, engashintshi yelayini ye-voltage yamabhethri e-single-cell Li-ion kanye ne-Li-polymer aphinde ashajwe. Le IC inikeza isimo sokushaja kanye nesimo sokuqedwa kwenkokhiso. Itholakala ngephakheji ye-DFN engu-8-pin.

I-IC CN3065 ine-on-chip 8-bit ADC elungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukushaja ngokusekelwe emandleni okukhipha amandla okokufaka. Le IC ilungele izinhlelo zokuphehla amandla elanga. I-IC ifaka phakathi ukusebenza kwamanje nokuqhubekayo kwamandla kagesi futhi ifaka ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa ukuze kukhuliswe amanani okushaja ngaphandle kwengozi yokushisa ngokweqile. Le IC inikeza ukusebenza kokuzwa izinga lokushisa kwebhethri.

Kulo mjikelezo weshaja yebhethri ye-lithium ion yelanga singasebenzisa noma iyiphi iphaneli yelanga engu-4.2V kuya ku-6V futhi ibhethri lokushaja kufanele libe yibhethri ye-lithium ion engu-4.2V. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, le IC CN3065 inazo zonke izifunda ezidingekayo zokushaja ibhethri ku-chip futhi asidingi izingxenye eziningi zangaphandle. Amandla avela kuphaneli yelanga asetshenziswa ngqo kwiphinikhodi ye-Vin ngokusebenzisa i-J1. I-C1 capacitor yenza umsebenzi wokuhlunga. I-LED ebomvu ikhombisa isimo sokushaja kanti i-LED eluhlaza ikhombisa isimo sokuqeda ukushaja. Thola i-voltage ephumayo yebhethri kuphinikhodi ye-BAT ye-CN3065. Izikhonkwane zokuzwa impendulo nezinga lokushisa zixhunywe kuyo yonke i-J2.

Umdwebo wesekhethi yeshaja yebhethri yelanga (2)

Amandla elanga angenye yezinhlobo zamahhala zamandla avuselelekayo umhlaba onawo. Ukwanda kwesidingo samandla kuye kwaphoqa abantu ukuba babheke izindlela zokuthola ugesi emithonjeni yamandla avuselelekayo, futhi amandla elanga abonakala engumthombo wamandla othembisayo. Isekethe engenhla izokhombisa indlela yokwakha isekethe yeshaja yebhethri enezinjongo eziningi kusuka kuphaneli yelanga elula.

Isekhethi idonsa amandla kuphaneli yelanga engu-12V, 5W eguqula amandla okukhanya esigameko abe amandla kagesi. I-Diode 1N4001 yengezwe ukuze kuvinjwe ukuthi imanje ingagelezi ibheke emuva, idale umonakalo kuphaneli yelanga.

I-resistor ekhawula yamanje engu-R1 yengezwa ku-LED ukukhombisa isiqondiso sokugeleza kwamanje. Bese kuza ingxenye elula yesekethe, yengeza isilawuli se-voltage ukuze silawule i-voltage futhi sithole izinga le-voltage oyifunayo. I-IC 7805 inikeza okukhiphayo okungu-5V, kuyilapho i-IC 7812 inikeza okukhiphayo okungu-12V.

Ama-Resistors u-R2 kanye no-R3 asetshenziselwa ukukhawulela amandla okushaja abe sezingeni eliphephile. Ungasebenzisa isekethe engenhla ukushaja amabhethri e-Ni-MH namabhethri e-Li-ion. Ungasebenzisa futhi ama-IC ayisilawuli kagesi engeziwe ukuze uthole amazinga ahlukene kagesi okukhiphayo.

Umdwebo wesekhethi yeshaja yebhethri yelanga (3)

Isekhethi yeshaja yebhethri yelanga ayilutho ngaphandle kokuqhathanisa okukabili okuxhuma iphaneli yelanga nebhethri lapho i-voltage kutheminali yakamuva iphansi futhi iyinqamule uma idlula umkhawulo othile. Njengoba ikala i-voltage yebhethri kuphela, ifaneleka ngokukhethekile amabhethri omthofu, uketshezi lwe-electrolyte noma ama-colloid, afaneleka kakhulu le ndlela.

I-voltage yebhethri ihlukaniswa ngo-R3 bese ithunyelwa kuziqhathanisi ezimbili ku-IC2. Uma ingaphansi komkhawulo onqunywa okukhiphayo kwe-P2, i-IC2B iba ileveli ephezulu, okubangela nokuthi okukhiphayo kwe-IC2C kube izinga eliphezulu. I-T1 igcwala futhi idlulisele i-RL1 iyaqhuba, ivumela iphaneli yelanga ukuthi ishaje ibhethri nge-D3. Uma i-voltage yebhethri idlula umkhawulo osethwe yi-P1, kokubili okuphumayo kwe-ICA ne-IC-C kuyehla, okubangela ukuthi i-relay ivuleke, ngaleyo ndlela kugwenywe ukulayisha kakhulu ibhethri ngenkathi ishaja. Ukuze kuzinziswe imingcele enqunywe yi-P1 ne-P2, ifakwe i-IC ehlanganisiwe yesilawuli se-voltage, ehlukaniswe ngokuqinile ku-voltage yephaneli yelanga nge-D2 ne-C4.

Umdwebo wesekhethi yeshaja yebhethri yelanga (4)

Lona umdwebo wohlelo lwesekhethi yeshaja yebhethri enikwa amandla iseli elilodwa lelanga. Lo mjikelezo uklanywe kusetshenziswa i-MC14011B ekhiqizwe i-ON Semiconductor. I-CD4093 ingasetshenziswa esikhundleni se-MC14011B. Ibanga lamandla kagesi: 3.0 VDC kuya ku-18 VDC.

Lo mjikelezo ushaja ibhethri elingu-9V cishe elingu-30mA i-amp yokufaka ngayinye ku-0.4V. I-U1 iyi-quad Schmitt trigger engasetshenziswa njenge-multivibrator ekwaziyo ukushayela i-push-pull TMOS amadivayisi Q1 kanye ne-Q2. Amandla e-U1 atholakala kubhethri le-9V nge-D4; amandla e-Q1 ne-Q2 anikezwa iseli lelanga. Imvamisa ye-multivibrator, enqunywe yi-R2-C1, isethelwe ku-180 Hz ukuze uthole ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kwe-6.3V ye-filament transformer T1. Isesibili se-transformer sixhunywe kusilungisi esigcwele sebhuloho eligagasi elingu-D1 elixhunywe kubhethri elishajwayo. Ibhethri elincane le-nickel-cadmium liwumthombo wamandla wokuvusa ongaphumeleli ovumela isistimu ukuthi ilulame lapho ibhethri le-9V selishajwe ngokugcwele.