Indlela yokunciphisa amaseli elanga

Ukukhanya kwelanga kungenye yezinto ezidingekayo ekukhuleni nasekuphileni kwazo zonke izinto. Kubonakala sengathi akupheli. Ngakho-ke, amandla elanga abe umthombo wamandla "wekusasa" onethemba elikhulu ngemva kwamandla omoya namandla amanzi. Isizathu sokwengeza isiqalo esithi "ikusasa" ukuthi amandla elanga asaqala. Futhi nakuba imithombo yamandla elanga inezinzuzo eziningi, imboni yamandla elanga yasekhaya ibe nensada ngenxa yamandla abuthaka okuguqula amandla kanye nokusetshenziswa okunganele kwezinsiza.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla elanga cishe kungalandelelwa emuva maphakathi nekhulu le-19. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukusungulwa kokusebenzisa amandla esitimu ukukhiqiza amandla kagesi kwenza abantu baqaphela ukuthi amandla ashisayo namandla kagesi angaguqulwa abe omunye komunye, futhi amandla elanga angumthombo oqondile kakhulu wokukhiqiza amandla ashisayo. Kuze kube manje, amaphaneli elanga cishe asetshenziswa kabanzi emakethe yabantu. Bangakwazi ukumunca ukukhanya kwelanga futhi baguqule amandla emisebe yelanga ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile abe amandla kagesi ngokusebenzisa umphumela we-photoelectric noma umphumela we-photochemical.

Iningi lemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi ehlakaniphile yanamuhla isebenzisa amabhethri e-lithium ashajwayo. Ikakhulukazi amadivaysi e-elekthronikhi eselula, ngenxa yokuthi alula, ayaphatheka futhi anemisebenzi eminingi yohlelo, abasebenzisi abavinjelwa izimo zemvelo ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, futhi isikhathi sokusebenza side. Ngakho-ke, amabhethri e-lithium abe yinketho evame kakhulu ngaphandle kobuthakathaka bempilo yebhethri.

Uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri e-lithium, enye yezinkinga zamaseli elanga iyabonakala, okungukuthi, ayikwazi ukuhlukaniswa nokukhanya kwelanga. Ukuguqulwa kwamandla elanga abe amandla kagesi kuvumelaniswa nokukhanya kwelanga ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngakho-ke, amandla elanga, angasetshenziswa kuphela emini noma ngisho nangezinsuku ezinelanga. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani namabhethri e-lithium, inqobo nje uma eshajwe ngokugcwele, angakhululwa ngokuphelele emikhawulweni yesikhathi nemvelo futhi angasetshenziswa ngokuguquguquka.

Ubunzima "ekunciphiseni"amaseli elanga

Ngenxa yokuthi amaseli elanga ngokwawo awakwazi ukugcina amandla kagesi, okuyisiphazamisi esikhulu kakhulu sezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingokoqobo, abacwaningi baqhamuke nombono wokusebenzisa amaseli elanga ngokuhlanganyela namabhethri anamandla amakhulu. Amabhethri e-lead-acid awuhlobo olusetshenziswa kakhulu lwesistimu yokuphakelwa kwamandla elanga. Ibhethri lomthamo omkhulu wekilasi. Ukuhlanganiswa kwemikhiqizo emibili kwenza iseli elanga selivele likhulu libe "likhulu" nakakhulu. Uma ufuna ukukusebenzisa kumadivayisi eselula, kufanele uqale udlule inqubo "yokwehlisa".

Ngenxa yokuthi izinga lokuguqulwa kwamandla aliphezulu, indawo yokukhanya kwelanga yamaseli elanga ivamise ukuba nkulu, okuwubunzima bokuqala obukhulu bobuchwepheshe ababhekana nabo ohambweni lwabo "lokwehlisa". Umkhawulo wamanje wezinga lokuguqulwa kwamandla elanga cishe u-24%. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhiqizwa kwephaneli yelanga ebizayo, ngaphandle kokuthi isetshenziswe endaweni enkulu, ukusebenza kwayo kuzoncishiswa kakhulu, ingasaphathwa esetshenziswa kumadivayisi eselula.

Ngenxa yokuthi izinga lokuguqulwa kwamandla aliphezulu, indawo yokukhanya kwelanga yamaseli elanga ngokuvamile iba nkulu.

Indlela "yokunciphisa" amaseli elanga?

Ukuhlanganisa amaseli elanga namabhethri e-lithium agaywa kabusha kungenye yezindlela zamanje zocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwabacwaningi besayensi, futhi kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokuhlanganisa amaseli elanga. Umkhiqizo ophathekayo we-solar ojwayeleke kakhulu yibhange lamandla. Ngokuguqula amandla okukhanya abe amandla kagesi futhi uwagcine ebhethri ye-lithium eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, ibhange lamandla elanga lingashaja amafoni omakhalekhukhwini, amakhamera edijithali, amaphilisi kanye neminye imikhiqizo, kokubili ukonga amandla kanye nemvelo.

Amaseli elanga angakwazi ukufeza ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ngokweqiniso ahlukaniswe abe izigaba ezimbili: isigaba sokuqala amangqamuzana e-silicon e-crystalline, okuhlanganisa i-polycrystalline silicon namaseli e-silicon e-monocrystalline, ahlanganisa ngaphezu kwe-80% yesabelo semakethe; isigaba sesibili amangqamuzana efilimu amancane, aphinde ahlukaniswe ngamaseli e-silicon e-Amorphous anenqubo elula nezindleko eziphansi, kodwa ukusebenza kahle kwawo kuphansi futhi kunezibonakaliso zokuncipha.

Amaseli elanga efilimu azacile angamamilimitha ambalwa kuphela awugqinsi futhi angagotshwa futhi agoqwe. Bangasebenzisa futhi izinto ezahlukahlukene ezahlukahlukene njengezinto ze-substrate. Angaxhunywa ngokuqondile namabhethri e-lithium ukuze ashaje, okusho ukuthi amaseli elanga angathuthukiswa abe amashaja amasha angavumelani nemvelo. Kusengenzeka kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lweshaja lunganikezwa ngezindlela ezahlukene, okwenza kube lula ukuthwala. Isibonelo, ukulenga esikhwameni sesikole noma izingubo kungashaja iselula, futhi inkinga yebhethri ixazululeka kalula.

Onjiniyela abaningi manje bakholelwa ukuthi amabhethri e-lithium enziwe nge-graphene ayimpumelelo ebalulekile ekuxazululeni inkinga yempilo yebhethri yamadivaysi eselula kagesi. Uma izinga lokuguqulwa lamaseli elanga endaweni yeyunithi ngayinye lingathuthukiswa ngempumelelo, khona-ke indlela epholile yokushajwa kweselula noma nini nanoma kuphi izoba umthombo wamandla wesikhathi esizayo. Indlela ephelele yokusebenzisa imibuzo.

Isifinyezo: Amandla elanga ayisipho semvelo esiphana kakhulu, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga akukakathandwa kakhulu. Kusenezinkinga ngezindleko eziphakeme nokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa ekusebenziseni amandla elanga ukukhiqiza ugesi. Kuphela ngokwandisa ngempumelelo izinga lokuguqulwa kwamandla elanga endaweni ngayinye lapho singasebenzisa amandla ngempumelelo futhi sifinyelele uguquko oluphelele ukusuka kumandla elanga ukuya kumandla kagesi. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukuhamba kwamaseli elanga ngeke kusaba inkinga.