Isingeniso se-Encyclopedia kuma-solar inverters

I-Inverter , owaziwa nangokuthi umlawuli wamandla kanye nomlawuli wamandla, uyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu ye-photovoltaic. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-inverter ye-photovoltaic ukuguqula amandla e-DC akhiqizwa amaphaneli elanga abe amandla e-AC asetshenziswa izinto zasendlini. Wonke ugesi okhiqizwa ama-solar panel kufanele acutshungulwe yi-inverter ngaphambi kokuba uphume emhlabeni wangaphandle. [1] Ngomjikelezo webhuloho eligcwele, iphrosesa ye-SPWM ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukushintshwa, ukuhlunga, ukukhushulwa kwamandla kagesi, njll. ukuze kutholwe amandla e-sinusoidal AC afana nemvamisa yokulayisha ukukhanyisa, i-voltage elinganiselwe, njll. kubasebenzisi bokuphela kwesistimu. Nge-inverter, ibhethri le-DC lingasetshenziswa ukunikeza amandla e-AC ezintweni zikagesi.

Isingeniso:

Uhlelo lokukhiqiza amandla elanga le-AC lwakhiwe ngamaphaneli elanga, isilawuli sokushaja, i-inverter nebhethri; uhlelo lokuphehla amandla elanga le-DC alufaki i-inverter. Inqubo yokuguqula amandla e-AC abe amandla e-DC ibizwa ngokuthi ukulungisa, isekethe eqeda umsebenzi wokulungisa ibizwa ngokuthi i-rectifier circuit, futhi idivayisi esebenzisa inqubo yokulungisa ibizwa ngokuthi idivayisi yokulungisa noma isilungisi. Ngokuhambisanayo, inqubo yokuguqula amandla e-DC abe amandla e-AC ibizwa ngokuthi i-inverter, isekethe eqeda umsebenzi wokuguqula ibizwa ngokuthi i-inverter circuit, kanti idivayisi esebenzisa inqubo yokuguqula ibizwa ngokuthi i-inverter equipment noma i-inverter.

Umnyombo wedivayisi ye-inverter umjikelezo wokushintsha inverter, okubizwa ngokuthi i-inverter circuit. Lo mjikelezo uqedela umsebenzi we-inverter ngokuvula nokuvala iswishi yamandla kagesi. Ukushintshwa kwemishini yokushintsha kagesi kagesi kudinga ama-pulse athile okushayela, futhi lawa ma-pulses angase ashintshwe ngokushintsha isignali kagesi. Isekhethi ekhiqiza futhi elawula ama-pulses ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi i-control circuit noma i-loop yokulawula. Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo sedivayisi ye-inverter sihlanganisa, ngaphezu kwesifunda se-inverter esishiwo ngenhla kanye nesifunda sokulawula, isifunda sokuvikela, isifunda esikhiphayo, isifunda sokufaka, isifunda sokuphuma, njll.

Izici:

Ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kwezakhiwo, kuzoholela nakanjani ezinhlobonhlobo zokufakwa kwamaphaneli elanga. Ukuze ukwandise ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamandla elanga ngenkathi kucatshangelwa ukubukeka okuhle kwesakhiwo, lokhu kudinga ukuhlukahluka kwama-inverters ethu ukuze kuzuzwe indlela engcono kakhulu yamandla elanga. Guqula.

Ukuguqulwa okumaphakathi

I-inverter emaphakathi ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zeziteshi ezinkulu zamandla e-photovoltaic (>10kW). Izintambo eziningi ezihambisanayo ze-photovoltaic zixhunywe kokokufaka kwe-DC kwe-inverter efanayo emaphakathi. Ngokuvamile, amamojula wamandla we-IGBT wezigaba ezintathu asetshenziselwa amandla aphezulu. Ezincane zisebenzisa ama-transistors omphumela wenkundla futhi zisebenzisa izilawuli zokuguqula ze-DSP ukuze zithuthukise ikhwalithi yamandla akhiqiziwe ukuze asondele kakhulu ku-sine wave current. Isici esikhulu kunazo zonke amandla aphezulu kanye nezindleko eziphansi zesistimu. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kahle kanye namandla okukhiqiza kagesi alo lonke uhlelo lwe-photovoltaic kuthinteka ngokufaniswa kwezintambo ze-photovoltaic kanye ne-shading ingxenye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuthembeka kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kwesistimu yonke ye-photovoltaic kuthinteka isimo esibi sokusebenza seqembu elithile leyunithi ye-photovoltaic. Izikhombisi-ndlela zakamuva zocwaningo ukusetshenziswa kokulawulwa kokushintshashintsha kwe-vector yasemkhathini kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuxhumana kwe-inverter topology entsha ukuze kutholwe ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu ngaphansi kwezimo zomthwalo oyingxenye. Ku-inverter emaphakathi ye-SolarMax, ibhokisi le-interface ye-photovoltaic array lingaxhunywa ukuze kuqashwe uchungechunge ngalunye lwamaphaneli aseyili e-photovoltaic. Uma enye yezintambo ingasebenzi kahle, uhlelo luzokwazi ukuthi ulwazi ludluliselwe kusilawuli esikude, futhi le ntambo ingamiswa ngokusebenzisa isilawuli kude, ukuze ukwehluleka kwentambo eyodwa ye-photovoltaic ngeke kunciphise noma kuthinte ukukhishwa komsebenzi namandla. lonke uhlelo lwe-photovoltaic.

I-inverter yentambo

Ama-inverter ezintambo asephenduke ama-inverter aziwa kakhulu emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe. I-inverter yeyunithi yezinhlamvu isekelwe kumqondo we-modular. Intambo ngayinye ye-photovoltaic (1kW-5kW) idlula ku-inverter, inamandla aphezulu wokulandelela ukuphakama kwe-DC ekugcineni, futhi ixhunywe ngokuhambisana negridi ekugcineni kwe-AC. Izitshalo eziningi ezinkulu zamandla e-photovoltaic zisebenzisa ama-inverters ezintambo. Inzuzo yukuthi ayithinteki umehluko wemojula kanye nezithunzi phakathi kwezintambo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kunciphisa iphuzu lokusebenza elilungile lamamojula we-photovoltaic.

Ukungafani ne-inverter, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise ukukhiqizwa kwamandla. Lezi zinzuzo zobuchwepheshe azigcini nje ukunciphisa izindleko zesistimu, kodwa futhi zandisa ukwethembeka kwesistimu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umqondo we "master-slave" wethulwa phakathi kwezintambo, ukuze kuthi lapho amandla entambo eyodwa ohlelweni engakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wokuguqula okukodwa, amaqembu amaningana ezintambo ze-photovoltaic angaxhunywa ndawonye ukuze avumele eyodwa noma abaningi babo ukusebenza. , ngaleyo ndlela ikhiqize amandla kagesi engeziwe. Umqondo wakamuva ukuthi ama-inverter amaningana akha "ithimba" nomunye nomunye ukuze athathe indawo yomqondo "we-master-slave", okwenza uhlelo luthembeke kakhulu.

Isiguquli sezintambo eziningi

I-Multi-string inverter ithatha izinzuzo ze-inverter emaphakathi kanye ne-string inverter, igwema ukungalungi kwabo, futhi ingasetshenziswa eziteshini zamandla e-photovoltaic ezinama-kilowatts amaningana. Ku-inverter yezintambo eziningi, ukulandelela ukuphakama kwamandla ngamanye okuhlukile kanye neziguquli ze-DC-to-DC zifakiwe. I-DC iguqulelwa amandla e-AC ngesiguquli esivamile se-DC-to-AC futhi ixhunywe kugridi. Izilinganiso ezihlukene zezintambo ze-photovoltaic (isb. amandla akalwe ahlukene, inombolo ehlukene yamamojula ngentambo ngayinye, abakhiqizi abahlukene bamamojula, njll.), osayizi abahlukene noma ubuchwepheshe obuhlukile bamamojula we-photovoltaic, ukuma okuhlukene kwezintambo (isb: impumalanga, eningizimu nasentshonalanga) , ama-engeli ahlukile wokutsheka noma ukuthungatha, angaxhunywa kusiguquli esivamile, ngeyunithi yezinhlamvu ngayinye esebenza esiqongweni samandla sayo esiphezulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubude bekhebula le-DC buyancishiswa, kunciphisa umphumela womthunzi phakathi kwezintambo nokulahlekelwa okubangelwa umehluko phakathi kwezintambo.

I-inverter yengxenye

I-module inverter ixhuma imodyuli ngayinye ye-photovoltaic ku-inverter, futhi imodyuli ngayinye inokulandelela okuzimele okuphezulu kwamandla aphezulu, ukuze imodyuli kanye ne-inverter kubambisana kangcono. Ivamise ukusetshenziswa eziteshini zamandla e-photovoltaic ezingu-50W kuya kwezingu-400W, ukusebenza kahle okuphelele kungaphansi kwalokho kwama-inverter ezintambo. Njengoba exhunywe ngokuhambisana ohlangothini lwe-AC, lokhu kwandisa inkimbinkimbi yezintambo ohlangothini lwe-AC futhi kwenza ukulungiswa kube nzima. Enye into okudingeka ixazululwe indlela yokuxhuma kugridi ngokuphumelelayo. Indlela elula iwukuxhuma kugridi ngokuqondile ngokusebenzisa amasokhethi e-AC avamile, anganciphisa izindleko nokufakwa kwemishini, kodwa ngokuvamile izindinganiso zokuphepha zegridi yamandla ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zingase zingakuvumeli. Ngokwenza kanjalo, inkampani yamandla ingase iphikisane noxhumo oluqondile lwedivayisi ekhiqizayo esokhethi yasendlini evamile. Enye into ehlobene nokuphepha ukuthi i-isolation transformer (imvamisa ephezulu noma imvamisa ephansi) iyadingeka noma i-inverter engena-transformer ivunyelwe. Le inverter isetshenziswa kakhulu ezindongeni zamakhethini engilazi.

Ukusebenza Kwe-Solar Inverter

Ukusebenza kahle kwama-solar inverters kubhekisa emakethe ekhulayo yama-solar inverter (ama-photovoltaic inverters) ngenxa yesidingo samandla avuselelekayo. Futhi lawa ma-inverters adinga ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kakhulu nokuthembeka. Amasekhethi kagesi asetshenziswa kulawa ma-inverter ayahlolwa futhi kunconywa ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu kokushintsha nokulungisa amadivayisi. Isakhiwo esijwayelekile se-photovoltaic inverter siboniswa kuMfanekiso 1. Kukhona ama-inverters amathathu ahlukene ongakhetha kuwo. Ukukhanya kwelanga kukhanya kumamojula elanga axhunywe ochungechungeni, futhi imojula ngayinye iqukethe isethi yamayunithi amaseli elanga axhunywe ochungechungeni. I-voltage yamanje (DC) eqondile ekhiqizwe amamojula elanga iku-oda lama-volts angamakhulu amaningana, kuye ngezimo zokukhanyisa ze-module array, izinga lokushisa lamaseli kanye nenani lamamojula axhunywe ochungechungeni.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko walolu hlobo lwe-inverter ukuguqula i-voltage ye-DC yokufaka ibe yinani elizinzile. Lo msebenzi wenziwa ngokusebenzisa isiguquli se-boost futhi udinga i-boost switch kanye ne-boost diode. Ekwakhiweni kokuqala, isiteji se-boost silandelwa isiguquli sebhuloho eligcwele elingalodwa. Inhloso ye-transformer yebhuloho egcwele ukuhlinzeka ngokuhlukaniswa. Isiguquli sesibili sebhuloho eligcwele kokuphumayo sisetshenziselwa ukuguqula i-DC kusukela kusiguquli sebhuloho eligcwele lesigaba sokuqala sibe ivolthi yamanje eshintshanayo (AC). Okukhiphayo kuyahlungwa ngaphambi kokuthi kuxhunywe kunethiwekhi yegridi ye-AC nge-switch eyengeziwe edluliselwe kabili, ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukuhlukaniswa okuphephile uma kwenzeka iphutha futhi uhlukaniswa negridi yokuhlinzeka ebusuku. Isakhiwo sesibili wuhlelo olungahlukanisiwe. Phakathi kwazo, i-voltage ye-AC ikhiqizwa ngokuqondile ukuphuma kwe-voltage ye-DC ngesiteji sokukhulisa. Isakhiwo sesithathu sisebenzisa i-topology emisha yokushintsha kwamandla kanye nama-diode amandla ukuze kuhlanganiswe imisebenzi ye-boost kanye nezingxenye zokukhiqiza i-AC ku-topology ezinikele, okwenza isiguquli sisebenze kahle ngangokunokwenzeka naphezu kokusebenza okuphansi kakhulu kokuguqulwa kwephaneli yelanga. Cishe ku-100% kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu. EJalimane, imojula yochungechunge engu-3kW efakwe ophahleni olubheke eningizimu kulindeleke ukuthi ikhiqize u-2550 kWh ngonyaka. Uma ukusebenza kahle kwe-inverter kwenyuswa kusuka ku-95% kuya ku-96%, ugesi owengeziwe ongu-25kWh ungaphehlwa unyaka nonyaka. Izindleko zokusebenzisa amamojula engeziwe elanga ukukhiqiza la 25kWh zilingana nokwengeza i-inverter. Njengoba ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kusuka ku-95% kuya ku-96% ngeke kuphindwe kabili izindleko ze-inverter, ukutshala imali ku-inverter esebenza kahle kuyisinqumo esingenakugwenywa. Emiklamo esafufusa, ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-inverter ngendlela engabizi kakhulu kuyindlela eyinhloko yokuklama. Ngokuqondene nokuthembeka kanye nezindleko ze-inverter, ziyizinye izindlela ezimbili zokuklama. Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa phezu komjikelezo womthwalo, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise ukwethembeka, ngakho le mihlahlandlela ihlobene ngempela. Ukusetshenziswa kwamamojula kuzokwandisa nokuthembeka.

I-Boost switch kanye ne-diode

Wonke ama-topology abonisiwe adinga ukushintshwa kwamandla okusheshayo. Isiteji se-boost kanye nesiteji sokuguqulwa kwebhuloho eligcwele sidinga ukushintsha ngokushesha ama-diode. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaswishi alungiselelwe ukushintsha kwefrikhwensi ephansi (100Hz) nawo awusizo kulawa ma-topology. Kunoma ibuphi ubuchwepheshe be-silicon obunikeziwe, amaswishi alungiselelwe ukushintsha ngokushesha azoba nokulahlekelwa okuphezulu kokusebenza kunokushintsha okulungiselelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza zokushintsha imvamisa ephansi.

Isiteji sokuthuthukisa ngokuvamile siklanywa njengesiguquli semodi yamanje eqhubekayo. Kuye ngenani lamamojula elanga kuhlelo olusetshenziswe ku-inverter, ungakhetha ukuthi usebenzise amadivayisi angu-600V noma angu-1200V. Izinketho ezimbili zokushintshwa kwamandla ama-MOSFET nama-IGBT. Ngokuvamile, ama-MOSFET angasebenza ngamaza okushintsha aphezulu kunama-IGBT. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithonya le-diode yomzimba kufanele licatshangelwe ngaso sonke isikhathi: esimweni sesiteji sokuthuthukisa lokhu akuyona inkinga kusukela i-diode yomzimba ingaqhubeki kwimodi evamile yokusebenza. Ukulahlekelwa kokuqhutshwa kwe-MOSFET kungabalwa kusukela ku-RDS(ON) yokumelana nokumelana), elingana nendawo yokufa esebenzayo yomndeni othile we-MOSFET. Lapho i-voltage elinganisiwe ishintsha isuka ku-600V iye ku-1200V, ukulahleka kokuqhuba kwe-MOSFET kuzokhula kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe i-RDS(ON) elinganiselwe ilingana, i-1200V MOSFET ayitholakali noma intengo iphezulu kakhulu.

Ukuze uthole ama-boost switches akalwe ku-600V, ama-MOSFET angaphezulu angasetshenziswa. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zokushintsha imvamisa ephezulu, lobu buchwepheshe bunokulahleka okungcono kakhulu kokusebenza. Ama-MOSFET anamanani e-RDS(ON) angaphansi kwama-milliohm angu-100 kumaphakheji angu-TO-220 nama-MOSFET anamanani e-RDS(ON) angaphansi kwama-milliohms angu-50 kumaphakheji angu-TO-247. Kuma-inverter elanga adinga ukushintsha kwamandla ka-1200V, i-IGBT iyisinqumo esifanele. Ubuchwepheshe obuthuthuke kakhulu be-IGBT, obufana ne-NPT Trench kanye ne-NPT Field Stop, bulungiselelwe ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kokuqhutshwa, kodwa ngezindleko zokulahlekelwa okukhulu kokushintsha, okubenza bungafaneleki kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni izinhlelo zokusebenza kumafrikhwensi aphezulu.

Ngokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-NPT planar endala, idivayisi ye-FGL40N120AND yathuthukiswa engathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwesekethe ye-boost nge-high switching frequency. Ine-EOFF engu-43uJ/A. Uma kuqhathaniswa nemishini yobuchwepheshe ethuthuke kakhulu, i-EOFF ingu-80uJ/A, kodwa idinga ukutholwa Lolu hlobo lokusebenza lunzima kakhulu. Ububi bedivayisi ye-FGL40N120AND ukuthi ukwehla kwamandla kagesi okugcwala kwe-VCE(SAT) (3.0V vs. 2.1V ku-125ºC) kuphezulu, kodwa ukulahlekelwa kwayo kokushintsha okuphansi kumaza okushintsha amandla aphezulu kungaphezu kokwenza lokhu. Idivayisi iphinde ihlanganise i-anti-parallel diode. Ngaphansi kokusebenza okujwayelekile kokuqinisa, le diode ngeke iqhube. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokuqala noma phakathi nezimo zesikhashana, kungenzeka ukuthi i-boost circuit iqhutshwe kumodi esebenzayo, lapho kwenzeka khona i-anti-parallel diode izoqhuba. Njengoba i-IGBT ngokwayo ingenayo i-diode yomzimba engokwemvelo, le diode ehlanganiswe ndawonye iyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuthembekile. Ukuze uthole ama-boost diode, ama-diode alulame ngokushesha afana ne-Stealth™ noma i-carbon silicon diode ayadingeka.Ama-diode e-carbon-silicon ane-voltage eya phambili ephansi kakhulu kanye nokulahlekelwa. Lapho ukhetha i-boost diode, umphumela we-reverse recovery current (noma i-junction capacitance ye-carbon-silicon diode) ekushintsheni kwe-boost kufanele kucatshangelwe, njengoba lokhu kuzoholela ekulahlekelweni okwengeziwe. Lapha, i-Stealth II diode FFP08S60S esanda kwethulwa inganikeza ukusebenza okuphezulu. Uma i-VDD=390V, ID=8A, di/dt=200A/us, kanye nezinga lokushisa lekesi lingu-100ºC, ukulahlekelwa kokushintsha okubaliwe kungaphansi kwepharamitha ye-FFP08S60S engu-205mJ. Usebenzisa i-ISL9R860P2 Stealth diode, leli nani lifinyelela ku-225mJ. Ngakho-ke, lokhu futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-inverter kumafrikhwensi aphezulu wokushintsha.

Ukushintshwa kwebhuloho nama-diode

Ngemuva kokuhlunga kwebhuloho eligcwele le-MOSFET, ibhuloho eliphumayo likhiqiza i-voltage ye-sinusoidal engu-50Hz nesiginali yamanje. Ukuqaliswa okuvamile ukusebenzisa i-architecture ejwayelekile yebhuloho eligcwele (Umfanekiso 2). Emfanekisweni, uma ama-switch on top left and lower right evuliwe, i-voltage eqondile ilayishwa phakathi kwamatheminali angakwesokunxele nangakwesokudla; uma amaswishi kwesokudla esingenhla nangaphansi kwesokunxele evuliwe, i-voltage engalungile ilayishwa phakathi kwamatheminali angakwesokunxele nangakwesokudla. Kulolu hlelo lokusebenza, iswishi eyodwa kuphela evuliwe phakathi nenkathi ethile yesikhathi. Iswishi eyodwa ingashintshelwa ku-PWM imvamisa ephezulu futhi enye ishintshele ku-50Hz ephansi. Njengoba isifunda se-bootstrap sincike ekuguqulweni kwamadivayisi asezingeni eliphansi, amadivaysi aphansi ashintshwa abe yimvamisa ephezulu ye-PWM, kuyilapho amadivayisi aphezulu ashintshelwa ku-50Hz imvamisa ephansi. Lolu hlelo lokusebenza lusebenzisa inkinobho yamandla engu-600V, ngakho-ke i-600V superjunction MOSFET ifaneleka kakhulu kule divayisi yokushintsha ngesivinini esikhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi lawa madivaysi ashintshayo azomelana nokuhlehla okugcwele kokutholwa kwamanye amadivaysi lapho iswishi ivuliwe, amadivaysi e-superjunction alulame ngokushesha afana ne-600V FCH47N60F ayizinketho ezinhle. I-RDS(ON) yayo ingama-milliohm angama-73, futhi ukulahleka kwayo kokwenziwa kuphansi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amadivayisi afanayo alulama ngokushesha. Uma le divayisi iguqula ku-50Hz, asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa isici sokutakula ngokushesha. Lawa madivayisi anezici ezinhle kakhulu ze-dv/dt kanye ne-di/dt, okuthuthukisa ukwethembeka kwesistimu uma kuqhathaniswa nama-MOSFET asezingeni eliphezulu.

Enye inketho okufanele uyihlole ukusetshenziswa kwedivayisi ye-FGH30N60LSD. Kuyi-30A/600V IGBT ene-saturation voltage VCE(SAT) engu-1.1V kuphela. Ukulahlekelwa kwayo kokuvala i-EOFF kuphezulu kakhulu, ifinyelela ku-10mJ, ngakho ifaneleka kuphela ukuguqulwa kwe-low-frequency. I-MOSFET engu-50 milliohm ine-RDS(ON) engakwazi ukumelana nama-milliohm angu-100 ezingeni lokushisa lokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, ku-11A, ine-VDS efanayo ne-VCE(SAT) ye-IGBT. Njengoba le IGBT isekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-breakdown obudala, i-VCE(SAT) ayishintshi kakhulu ngezinga lokushisa. Ngakho-ke le IGBT inciphisa ukulahlekelwa kukonke ebhulohweni lokuphumayo, ngaleyo ndlela ikhulise ukusebenza kahle okuphelele kwe-inverter. Iqiniso lokuthi i-FGH30N60LSD IGBT ishintsha isuka kobunye ubuchwepheshe bokuguqula amandla iye kwesinye i-topology ezinikele njalo ngesigamu somjikelezo nayo iyasiza. Ama-IGBT asetshenziswa lapha njengamaswishi e-topological. Ukuze ushintshe ngokushesha, kusetshenziswe amadivaysi e-superjunction evamile futhi alulame ngokushesha. Nge-topology ezinikele engu-1200V kanye nesakhiwo sebhuloho eligcwele, i-FGL40N120AND eshiwo ngenhla iyiswishi elungele kakhulu iziguquli zelanga ze-high-frequency. Lapho ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile budinga ama-diode, i-Stealth II, i-Hyperfast™ II diode nama-carbon-silicon diode yizixazululo ezinhle.

umsebenzi:

I-inverter ayinawo umsebenzi we-DC kuya ku-AC ukuguqulwa, kodwa futhi inomsebenzi wokwandisa ukusebenza kwamaseli elanga kanye nomsebenzi wokuvikela iphutha lesistimu. Kafushane, kukhona imisebenzi ezenzakalelayo esebenzayo kanye nokuvala shaqa, umsebenzi wokulawula ukulandela ngomkhondo amandla aphezulu, umsebenzi ozimele wokuvimbela ukusebenza (kumasistimu axhumeke kugridi), umsebenzi wokulungisa amandla kagesi okuzenzakalelayo (kumasistimu axhumeke kugridi), umsebenzi wokuthola i-DC (kumasistimu axhunywe kugridi). ), kanye nokutholwa phansi kwe-DC. Umsebenzi (owamasistimu axhunywe kugridi). Nasi isingeniso esifushane sokusebenza okuzenzakalelayo nokuvala shaqa kanye nomsebenzi wokulawula ukulandelela amandla aphezulu.

Ukusebenza okuzenzakalelayo nomsebenzi wokuvala: Ngemva kokuphuma kwelanga ekuseni, ukuqina kwemisebe yelanga kancane kancane kuyanda, futhi ukukhishwa kweseli yelanga nakho kuyanda. Lapho amandla okukhiphayo adingekayo ekusebenzeni kwe-inverter efinyelelwa, i-inverter iqala ukusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngemuva kokungena ekusebenzeni, i-inverter izoqapha ukukhishwa kwamamojula weseli yelanga ngaso sonke isikhathi. Uma nje amandla okukhipha amamojula weseli yelanga makhulu kunamandla okukhipha adingekayo kumsebenzi we-inverter, i-inverter izoqhubeka nokusebenza; izoma kuze kushone ilanga, noma ngabe I-inverter ingasebenza ngezinsuku zemvula. Lapho ukuphuma kwemojula yelanga kuba kuncane futhi ukuphuma kwe-inverter kusondela ku-0, i-inverter ingena esimweni sokulinda.

Ubukhulu bomsebenzi wokulawula ukulandelela ukulandelela amandla: Okukhiphayo kwemojula yeseli yelanga kushintsha ngokushuba kwemisebe yelanga kanye nezinga lokushisa lemojula yeseli yelanga ngokwalo (izinga lokushisa le-chip). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi amamojula amaseli elanga anesici sokuthi i-voltage iyancipha njengoba inyuka yamanje, kunephuzu lokusebenza elilungile elingathola amandla amakhulu. Ukuqina kwemisebe yelanga buyashintsha, futhi ngokusobala indawo yokusebenza efanelekile nayo iyashintsha. Okuhlobene nalezi zinguquko, indawo yokusebenza ye-module ye-solar cell ihlale igcinwe endaweni ephezulu yamandla, futhi uhlelo luhlala luthola ukukhishwa kwamandla aphezulu kusuka kumojula yeseli yelanga. Lolu hlobo lokulawula ukulawula ukulandelela amandla aphezulu. Isici esikhulu kunazo zonke sama-inverter asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuphehla amandla elanga ukuthi afaka umsebenzi wokulandela indawo wamandla aphezulu (MPPT).

uhlobo

Ukuhlukaniswa kobubanzi bohlelo lokusebenza

(1) I-inverter evamile

Okokufaka kwe-DC 12V noma 24V, AC 220V, 50Hz okukhiphayo, amandla asuka ku-75W kuya ku-5000W, amanye amamodeli anokuguqulwa kwe-AC ne-DC, okungukuthi, umsebenzi we-UPS.

(2) I-inverter/ishaja yonke-in-one umshini

Kulolu hlobo lwe-inverter, abasebenzisi bangasebenzisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamandla ukunika amandla imithwalo ye-AC: uma kukhona amandla e-AC, amandla e-AC asetshenziselwa ukunika amandla umthwalo nge-inverter, noma ukushaja ibhethri; uma amandla e-AC engekho, ibhethri lisetshenziselwa ukunika amandla umthwalo we-AC. . Ingasetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nemithombo yamandla ehlukahlukene: amabhethri, amajeneretha, amaphaneli elanga nama-wind turbines.

(3) I-inverter ekhethekile yeposi kanye nezokuxhumana

Nikeza ngama-inverter ekhwalithi ephezulu angu-48V ezinsizeni zeposi nezokuxhumana. Imikhiqizo ingeyekhwalithi enhle, ithembekile kakhulu, i-modular (imojula ingu-1KW) ama-inverter, futhi inomsebenzi wokuphindaphinda we-N+1 futhi inganwetshwa (amandla asuka ku-2KW aye ku-20KW). ).

(4) I-inverter ekhethekile yezindiza nezempi

Lolu hlobo lwesiguquli sinokufaka okungu-28Vdc futhi lungahlinzeka ngokuphumayo kwe-AC okulandelayo: 26Vac, 115Vac, 230Vac. Imvamisa yokuphuma kwayo ingaba: 50Hz, 60Hz kanye 400Hz, futhi amandla okukhiphayo asukela ku-30VA kuya ku-3500VA. Kukhona futhi iziguquli ze-DC-DC kanye neziguquli zefrikhwensi ezinikezelwe kwezokundiza.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-waveform okukhiphayo

(1) Isiguquli segagasi lesikwele

I-AC voltage waveform okukhiphayo nge-square wave inverter iyigagasi lesikwele. Izifunda ze-inverter ezisetshenziswa yilolu hlobo lwe-inverter azifani ncamashi, kodwa isici esivamile ukuthi isifunda silula futhi inani lamashubhu okushintsha amandla asetshenzisiwe lincane. Amandla okuklama ngokuvamile aphakathi kwama-watts ayikhulu kanye ne-kilowatt eyodwa. Izinzuzo ze-square wave inverter yilezi: isifunda esilula, intengo eshibhile nokugcinwa okulula. Okubi ukuthi i-voltage ye-square wave iqukethe inani elikhulu lama-harmonics aphezulu, azokhiqiza ukulahlekelwa okwengeziwe emishinini yokulayisha enama-iron core inductors noma ama-transformer, okubangela ukuphazamiseka kwemisakazo nezinye izinto zokuxhumana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lwe-inverter lunokushiyeka okufana nobubanzi bokulawulwa kwamandla kagesi obanele, umsebenzi wokuvikela ongaphelele, nomsindo ophakeme uma kuqhathaniswa.

(2) Isinyathelo se-wave inverter

Ukukhishwa kwe-AC voltage waveform ngalolu hlobo lwe-inverter kuyisinyathelo samaza. Kunemigqa eminingi ehlukene ukuze isiguquli sithole ukuphuma kwegagasi lesinyathelo, futhi inani lezinyathelo kufomu lokukhiphayo liyahlukahluka kakhulu. Inzuzo ye-inverter yesinyathelo ukuthi i-waveform okukhiphayo ithuthuke kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa negagasi lesikwele, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-harmonic oku-oda okuphezulu kuyancishiswa. Lapho izinyathelo zifinyelela ngaphezu kwe-17, i-waveform ephumayo ingafinyelela igagasi le-quasi-sinusoidal. Lapho kusetshenziswa okukhipha i-transformerless, ukusebenza kahle okuphelele kuphezulu kakhulu. Ububi ukuthi isifunda se-ladder wave superposition sisebenzisa amashubhu amaningi okushintsha amandla, futhi amanye amafomu esekethe adinga amasethi amaningi okokufaka kwamandla e-DC. Lokhu kuletha inkinga ekuqoqweni nasekufakweni kwezintambo kwamaseli elanga kanye nokushajwa okulingene kwamabhethri. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-staircase wave voltage isenokuphazamiseka okuthile kwamaza aphezulu kumarediyo nezinye izinto zokuxhumana.

I-Sine wave inverter

I-AC voltage waveform okukhiphayo nge-sine wave inverter iyigagasi elinesine. Izinzuzo ze-sine wave inverter ukuthi inomsindo ophumayo omuhle, ukuhlanekezela okuphansi kakhulu, ukuphazamiseka okuncane kwemisakazo nemishini, nomsindo ophansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inemisebenzi yokuvikela ephelele kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu sekukonke. Ukungalungi yilezi: isifunda siyinkimbinkimbi, sidinga ubuchwepheshe bokugcinwa okuphezulu, futhi siyabiza.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo ezintathu ezingenhla zama-inverters kuyasiza kubaklami nabasebenzisi bezinhlelo ze-photovoltaic kanye nezinhlelo zamandla omoya ukukhomba nokukhetha ama-inverters. Eqinisweni, ama-inverter ane-waveform efanayo asenomehluko omkhulu ezimisweni zesekethe, amadivaysi asetshenziswayo, izindlela zokulawula, njll.

Ezinye izindlela zokuhlukanisa

1. Ngokusho kwemvamisa yamandla we-AC okukhiphayo, ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-inverter frequency power, i-medium frequency inverter kanye ne-high frequency inverter. Imvamisa ye-inverter yefrikhwensi yamandla ngu-50 kuya ku-60Hz; imvamisa ye-medium frequency inverter ngokuvamile i-400Hz ukuya ngaphezu kwe-kHz eyishumi; imvamisa ye-inverter ephezulu kakhulu ngokuvamile ingaphezu kwe-kHz eyishumi ukuya ku-MHz.

2. Ngokusho kwenani lezigaba ezikhishwa yi-inverter, ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-inverter yesigaba esisodwa, i-inverter yezigaba ezintathu kanye ne-multi-phase inverter.

3. Ngokusho kwendawo okuphuma kuyo amandla e-inverter, ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-inverter esebenzayo kanye ne-passive inverter. Noma iyiphi i-inverter edlulisa amandla kagesi nge-inverter kugridi yamandla ezimboni ibizwa ngokuthi i-inverter esebenzayo; noma isiphi isiguquli esidlulisela amandla kagesi ngesiguquli komunye umthwalo kagesi sibizwa ngokuthi i-passive inverter. idivayisi.

4. Ngokwefomu le-inverter main circuit, ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-inverter ene-single-end, i-push-pull inverter, i-half-bridge inverter kanye ne-full-bridge inverter.

5. Ngokusho kohlobo lwedivayisi eyinhloko yokuguqula ye-inverter, ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-thyristor inverter, i-transistor inverter, i-inverter ye-field effect kanye ne-insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) inverter. Ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: inverter "elawulwa kancane" kanye ne-inverter "elawulwa ngokugcwele". Owokuqala akanalo ikhono lokuzivala, futhi ingxenye ilahlekelwa umsebenzi wayo wokulawula ngemva kokuvulwa, ngakho ibizwa ngokuthi "i-semi-controlled" futhi i-thyristors evamile ingena kulesi sigaba; lena yokugcina inekhono lokuzivala, okungukuthi, ayikho idivayisi I-on and off ingalawulwa yi-electrode yokulawula, ngakho ibizwa ngokuthi "uhlobo olulawulwa ngokugcwele". Ama-transistors we-power field effect kanye nama-insulated gate bi-power transistors (IGBT) wonke angaphansi kwalesi sigaba.

6. Ngokunikezwa kwamandla e-DC, ingahlukaniswa ibe i-voltage source inverter (VSI) kanye ne-inverter yomthombo wamanje (CSI). Ngaphambilini, i-voltage ye-DC icishe ibe njalo, futhi i-voltage ephumayo iyigagasi lesikwele elishintshanayo; ekugcineni, i-DC yamanje icishe ibe njalo, futhi okukhiphayo kwamanje kuyigagasi eliyisikwele elishintshanayo.

7. Ngokwendlela yokulawula i-inverter, ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-inverter ye-frequency modulation (PFM) kanye ne-pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter.

8. Ngokwemodi yokusebenza ye-inverter switching circuit, ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-resonant inverter, i-fixed frequency hard switching inverter kanye ne-fixed frequency soft switching inverter.

9. Ngokwendlela yokuguqula ye-inverter, ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-inverter eguquliwe yokulayisha kanye ne-self-commutated inverter.

Amapharamitha okusebenza:

Kunamapharamitha amaningi nezimo zobuchwepheshe ezichaza ukusebenza kwe-inverter. Lapha sinikeza kuphela incazelo emfushane yemingcele yezobuchwepheshe evame ukusetshenziswa lapho kuhlolwa ama-inverter.

1. Izimo zemvelo zokusetshenziswa kwe-inverter. Izimo ezijwayelekile zokusetshenziswa kwe-inverter: ukuphakama akudluli ku-1000m, futhi izinga lokushisa lomoya lingu-0 ~ + 40 ℃.

2. Izimo zokuphakela amandla okokufaka kwe-DC, ububanzi bokushintshashintsha kwamandla kagesi we-DC: ±15% yenani likagesi elilinganiselwe lephakethe lebhethri.

3. I-voltage elinganiselwe yokuphumayo, phakathi kwebanga elishiwo lokuguquguquka elivumelekile le-voltage ye-DC yokufaka, imele inani elilinganiselwe le-voltage okufanele i-inverter likwazi ukuyikhipha. Ukunemba okuzinzile kwevelu ye-voltage elinganiselwe okukhiphayo ngokuvamile kunalezi zinhlinzeko ezilandelayo:

(1) Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesimo esingaguquki, ububanzi bokuguquguquka kwamandla kagesi kufanele bube nomkhawulo, isibonelo, ukuchezuka kwawo akufanele kudlule u-±3% noma ±5% yenani elilinganiselwe.

(2) Ezimeni eziguquguqukayo lapho umthwalo ushintsha ngokuzumayo noma uthintwa ezinye izici zokuphazamiseka, ukuchezuka kwamandla kagesi okukhiphayo akufanele kudlule u-±8% noma ±10% yenani elilinganiselwe.

4. Imvamisa yokuphuma okulinganiselwe, imvamisa ye-inverter ephumayo ye-AC voltage kufanele ibe inani elizinzile, ngokuvamile imvamisa yamandla engu-50Hz. Ukuchezuka kufanele kube phakathi kuka-±1% ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza.

5. Isilinganiso samanje sokuphumayo (noma umthamo wokuphumayo olinganiselwe) ubonisa umthamo ophumayo olinganiselwe we-inverter ngaphakathi kwebanga lesici samandla esibekiwe. Eminye imikhiqizo ye-inverter inikeza umthamo wokuphuma olinganiselwe, ovezwa nge-VA noma i-kVA. Umthamo olinganiselwe we-inverter yilapho isici samandla okukhiphayo singu-1 (okungukuthi, umthwalo ophikisayo kuphela), i-voltage ekhishwayo elinganiselwe iwumkhiqizo wokuphumayo okulinganiselwe kwamanje.

6. Kukalwe ukusebenza kahle kokukhiphayo. Ukusebenza kahle kwe-inverter isilinganiso samandla ayo okukhiphayo kumandla wokufaka ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezicacisiwe, ezivezwe ngo-%. Ukusebenza kahle kwe-inverter kumthamo okhishiwe olinganiselwe kuwumthwalo ogcwele ukusebenza kahle, futhi ukusebenza kahle ku-10% womthamo wokukhiphayo olinganiselwe kuwumthwalo ophansi ukusebenza kahle.

7. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-harmonic kwe-inverter. Ku-sine wave inverter, ngaphansi komthwalo ophikisayo, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-harmonic kwe-voltage ephumayo kufanele kube ngu-≤10%.

8. Umthamo wokulayisha ngokweqile we-inverter ubhekisela ekhonweni le-inverter lokukhipha ngaphezu kwenani lamanje elilinganiselwe ngesikhathi esifushane ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Umthamo wokulayisha ngokweqile we-inverter kufanele uhlangabezane nezidingo ezithile ngaphansi kwesici samandla esibekiwe esibekiwe.

9. Ukusebenza kahle kwe-inverter isilinganiso samandla asebenzayo okukhipha inverter kumandla asebenzayo okufakwayo (noma amandla e-DC) ngaphansi kwe-voltage ephumayo elinganiselwe, i-output yamanje kanye nesici samandla esibekiwe esibekiwe.

10. Isici samandla okulayisha simelela ikhono le-inverter lokuthwala imithwalo ye-inductive noma ye-capacitive. Ngaphansi kwezimo ze-sine wave, isici samandla okulayisha singu-0.7~0.9 (i-lag), futhi inani elilinganiselwe lingu-0.9.

11. Layisha i-asymmetry. Ngaphansi komthwalo we-asymmetric ongu-10%, i-asymmetry ye-voltage ephumayo ye-fixed-frequency inverter yesigaba sesithathu kufanele ibe ngu-≤10%.

12. Ukungalingani kwamandla kagesi. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile zokusebenza, ukungalingani kwamandla kagesi wezigaba ezintathu (isilinganiso sengxenye yokuhlehla yokulandelana nengxenye yokulandelana okuhle) okukhishwayo yisiguquli akumele kudlule inani elishiwo, ngokuvamile elivezwa ku-%, njengo-5 % noma u-8%.

13. Izici zokuqalisa: Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile zokusebenza, i-inverter kufanele ikwazi ukuqala ngokujwayelekile izikhathi ezi-5 zilandelana ngaphansi komthwalo ogcwele kanye nezimo zokusebenza ezingalayishiwe.

14. Imisebenzi yokuvikela, i-inverter kufanele isethwe: ukuvikelwa kwesifunda esifushane, ukuvikelwa kwe-overcurrent, ukuvikelwa kwe-overtemperature, ukuvikelwa kwe-overvoltage, ukuvikelwa kwe-undervoltage kanye nokuvikelwa kokulahlekelwa kwesigaba. Phakathi kwazo, ukuvikelwa kwe-overvoltage kusho ukuthi kuma-inverters ngaphandle kwezinyathelo zokuzinzisa i-voltage, kufanele kube nezinyathelo zokuvikela ukuphuma kwe-overvoltage ukuze kuvikelwe i-terminal engalungile emonakalweni ngokuphuma komthamo omkhulu. Ukuvikelwa kwe-Overcurrent kubhekisela ekuvikelweni kwe-overcurrent ye-inverter, okufanele ikwazi ukuqinisekisa isenzo esifike ngesikhathi lapho umthwalo une-circuited iDemo noma i-current idlula inani elivunyelwe ukuyivikela emonakalweni ngokukhuphuka kwamandla.

15. Ukuphazamiseka kanye nokulwa nokuphazamiseka, i-inverter kufanele ikwazi ukumelana nokuphazamiseka kazibuthe kagesi endaweni evamile ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza ezishiwo. Ukusebenza kwe-anti-interference kanye nokuhambisana kwe-electromagnetic kwe-inverter kufanele kuhambisane nezindinganiso ezifanele.

16. Iziguquli ezingasetshenzwa njalo, zigadwe futhi zinakekelwe kufanele zibe ≤95db; ama-inverters asetshenziswa njalo, aqashwe futhi anakekelwa kufanele abe ngu-≤80db.

17. Isibonisi, i-inverter kufanele ifakwe ukubonisa idatha yemingcele efana ne-AC ephumayo kagesi, i-output yamanje kanye nemvamisa yokuphumayo, kanye nokuboniswa kwesignali kokufakiwe okubukhoma, okunamandla kanye nesimo sephutha.

18. Umsebenzi wokuxhumana. Umsebenzi wokuxhumana wesilawuli kude uvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bahlole isimo sokusebenza komshini kanye nedatha egciniwe ngaphandle kokuya kusayithi.

19. Ukuhlanekezelwa kwe-waveform ye-voltage ephumayo. Uma i-voltage ephumayo ye-inverter iyi-sinusoidal, ukuhlanekezela okuphezulu okuvunyelwe kwe-waveform (noma okuqukethwe kwe-harmonic) kufanele kucaciswe. Ngokuvamile kuvezwa njengokuhlanekezelwa kwe-waveform okuphelele kwe-voltage yokuphumayo, inani layo akufanele lidlule u-5% (u-10% uvunyelwe ukukhishwa kwesigaba esisodwa).

20. Izici zokuqalisa, ezibonisa ikhono le-inverter ukuqala ngomthwalo kanye nokusebenza kwayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuguquguqukayo. I-inverter kufanele iqinisekise ukuqala okuthembekile ngaphansi komthwalo olinganiselwe.

21. Umsindo. Ama-Transformer, ama-inductors okuhlunga, ama-switch ka-electromagnetic, amafeni nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswa emishinini kagesi kagesi konke kukhiqiza umsindo. Uma i-inverter isebenza ngokujwayelekile, umsindo wayo akufanele udlule i-80dB, futhi umsindo we-inverter encane akufanele udlule i-65dB.

Izici zebhethri:

Ibhethri le-PV

Ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwe-solar inverter, kubalulekile ukuqonda kuqala izici ezihlukene zamaseli elanga (amaseli e-PV). I-Rp ne-Rs ukumelana ne-parasitic, okungapheli futhi kunguziro ngokulandelanayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele.

Amandla okukhanya nezinga lokushisa kungathinta kakhulu izici zokusebenza zamaseli e-PV. I-current ilingana nokuqina kokukhanya, kodwa izinguquko ekukhanyeni zinomthelela omncane ku-voltage yokusebenza. Nokho, i-voltage yokusebenza ithintwa izinga lokushisa. Ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa lebhethri kunciphisa i-voltage yokusebenza kodwa kunomphumela omncane kumanje okhiqizwayo. Isibalo esingezansi sibonisa imiphumela yokushisa nokukhanya kumamojula we-PV.

Izinguquko kubukhulu bokukhanya zinomthelela omkhulu emandleni okukhipha ibhethri kunezinguquko kuzinga lokushisa. Lokhu kuyiqiniso kuzo zonke izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ze-PV. Umphumela obalulekile wenhlanganisela yale miphumela emibili ukuthi amandla eseli ye-PV ayancipha ngokuncipha kokukhanya kanye/noma izinga lokushisa elikhulayo.

Iphoyinti lamandla amakhulu (MPP)

Amaseli elanga angasebenza phezu kwebanga elibanzi lama-voltages nama-currents. I-MPP inqunywa ngokuqhubekayo yokwandisa umthwalo wokumelana neseli elikhanyisiwe ukusuka ku-zero (umcimbi wesifunda esifushane) ukuya enanini eliphezulu kakhulu (umcimbi wesifunda ovulekile). I-MPP iyindawo yokusebenza lapho i-V x I ifinyelela inani layo eliphezulu futhi kulokhu kukhanya kokukhanya Amandla amakhulu angatholwa. Amandla okukhiphayo lapho isekethe emfushane (i-PV voltage ilingana noziro) noma isekethe evulekile (i-PV yamanje ilingana neziro) kwenzeka umcimbi unguziro.

Amaseli elanga elanga le-monocrystalline silicon esezingeni eliphakeme akhiqiza i-voltage yesekethe evulekile engu-0.60 volts ezingeni lokushisa elingu-25°C. Ngokukhanya kwelanga okugcwele kanye nezinga lokushisa lomoya elingu-25°C, izinga lokushisa leseli elinikeziwe lingase lisondele ku-45°C, okuzonciphisa i-voltage yesekethe evulekile ibe cishe ku-0.55V. Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, i-voltage yesekethe evulekile iyaqhubeka nokuncipha kuze kube isekethe emfushane ye-PV Module.

Amandla amakhulu ekushiseni kwebhethri okungu-45°C ngokuvamile akhiqizwa ngo-80% we-voltage yesekethe evulekile kanye no-90% wesekethe emfishane yamanje. I-current-circuit current yebhethri icishe ilingane nokukhanya, futhi i-voltage ye-open-circuit ingase yehle kuphela ngo-10% lapho ukukhanya kuncipha ngo-80%. Amabhethri ekhwalithi ephansi azonciphisa i-voltage ngokushesha lapho ukwanda kwamanje, ngaleyo ndlela ehlise amandla atholakalayo. Okukhiphayo kwehle kusuka ku-70% kuya ku-50%, noma ngisho no-25%.

I-microinverter yelanga kufanele iqinisekise ukuthi amamojula e-PV asebenza ku-MPP nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ukuze amandla amaningi atholakale kumamojula we-PV. Lokhu kungafezwa kusetshenziswa iluphu yokulawula iphuzu eliphezulu eliphezulu, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT). Ukuthola isilinganiso esiphezulu sokulandelelwa kwe-MPP futhi kudinga ukuthi i-PV ephumayo ye-voltage ripple ibe mncane ngokwanele ukuze i-PV yamanje ingashintshi kakhulu uma isebenza eduze nendawo enkulu yamandla.

Ibanga lamandla kagesi e-MPP lamamojula e-PV ngokuvamile lingachazwa kububanzi obungu-25V ukuya ku-45V, ngamandla okukhiqiza cishe ama-250W kanye ne-voltage yesekethe evulekile ngaphansi kuka-50V.

Ukusetshenziswa nokunakekelwa:

sebenzisa

1. Xhuma futhi ufake imishini ngokuqinile ngokuhambisana nezidingo zokusebenza kwe-inverter kanye nemiyalelo yokulungisa. Ngesikhathi sokufakwa, kufanele uhlole ngokucophelela: ukuthi ububanzi bocingo buhlangabezana nezidingo; ukuthi izingxenye namatheminali akhululekile ngesikhathi sokuthutha; ukuthi izingxenye ezivinjiwe zifakwe kahle yini; ukuthi isisekelo sohlelo siyahlangabezana yini nemithethonqubo.

2. I-inverter kufanele isetshenziswe futhi isetshenziswe ngokuqinile ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo yokusetshenziswa nokugcinwa. Ikakhulukazi: ngaphambi kokuvula umshini, qaphela ukuthi i-voltage yokufaka ijwayelekile yini; ngesikhathi sokusebenza, qaphela ukuthi ukulandelana kokuvula nokuvala umshini kulungile, nokuthi izinkomba zemitha ngayinye nokukhanya kwenkomba zijwayelekile.

3. Ama-inverter ngokuvamile anokuvikelwa okuzenzakalelayo kokuphuka kwesekethe, i-overcurrent, overvoltage, overheating nezinye izinto, ngakho-ke uma lezi zenzakalo zenzeka, asikho isidingo sokuvala ngesandla; amaphuzu okuvikela okuvikela okuzenzakalelayo ngokuvamile asethwa efekthri, futhi asikho isidingo sokulungisa futhi.

4. Kukhona i-voltage ephezulu ekhabetheni le-inverter. Abasebenzi ngokuvamile abavunyelwe ukuvula umnyango wekhabhinethi, futhi umnyango wekhabhinethi kufanele uvaliwe ngezikhathi ezijwayelekile.

5. Uma izinga lokushisa legumbi lingaphezu kuka-30 ° C, ukuchithwa kokushisa kanye nezinyathelo zokupholisa kufanele kuthathwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwehluleka kwemishini futhi kunwetshwe impilo yesevisi yemishini.

Ukunakekela nokuhlola

1. Hlola njalo ukuthi izintambo zengxenye ngayinye ye-inverter ziqinile yini nokuthi ingabe kukhona ukuxega. Ikakhulukazi, ifeni, imojula yamandla, itheminali yokufaka, ukuphela kwetheminali kanye nesisekelo kufanele kubhekwe ngokucophelela.

2. Uma i-alamu ivaliwe, ayivunyelwe ukuqalisa ngokushesha. Isizathu kufanele sitholakale futhi silungiswe ngaphambi kokuqala. Ukuhlolwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokuqinile ngokuhambisana nezinyathelo ezichazwe kubhukwana lokugcinwa kwe-inverter.

3. Abaqhubi kufanele bathole ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile futhi bakwazi ukunquma izimbangela zamaphutha ajwayelekile futhi bawaqede, njengokushintsha ngobuchule amafuse, izingxenye, namabhodi esekethe alimele. Abasebenzi abangaqeqeshiwe abavunyelwe ukusebenzisa imishini.

4. Uma kwenzeka ingozi okunzima ukuyiqeda noma imbangela yengozi ingacacile, amarekhodi anemininingwane yengozi kufanele agcinwe futhi umenzi we-inverter kufanele aziswe ngesikhathi ukuze axazululwe.