Ingabe amaphaneli elanga angakwazi ukukhiqiza ugesi oxhunywe ngokuqondile ku-inverter

Amandla akhiqizwa nguamaphaneli elanga ingaxhunywa ngokuqondile ku-inverter, okungenye yezindlela ezivamile zokucushwa kwezinhlelo ze-solar photovoltaic. Iphaneli yelanga, eyaziwa nangokuthi iphaneli ye-photovoltaic (PV), iyithuluzi eliguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ugesi wamanje oqondile. Kodwa-ke, izinto eziningi zikagesi, okuhlanganisa izinto zasendlini namamotho asezimbonini, ngokuvamile zisebenzisa i-alternating current (AC). Ngakho-ke, ukuze amandla akhiqizwa amaphaneli elanga asetshenziswe yilezi zisetshenziswa, amandla e-DC adinga ukuguqulelwa amandla e-AC ngokusebenzisai-inverter.

Ungawaxhuma kanjani amaphaneli elanga ku-inverter

Amaphaneli elanga ngokuvamile axhunywe ku-inverter ochungechungeni noma ngokuhambisana. Ekuxhumekeni kochungechunge, ama-solar panel axhunywe ndawonye ukuze akhiqize izinga le-voltage elidingekayo, kuyilapho ekuxhumaneni okufanayo, ama-solar panel axhunywe ndawonye ukuze anikeze izinga elidingekayo lamanje. Ama-inverters angaba phakathi, intambo noma ama-micro-inverters kuye ngezidingo zesistimu kanye nomklamo.

1. I-inverter emaphakathi: Isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezinkulu ze-photovoltaic, amaphaneli elanga amaningi axhunywe ochungechungeni futhi ahambisana nokokufaka kwe-DC kwe-inverter eyodwa.
2. I-inverter yentambo: Iyunithi yezinhlamvu zephaneli yelanga ngayinye idlula ku-inverter, ethuthukisa ukusebenza kweyunithi yezinhlamvu ye-photovoltaic futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu nokuthembeka.
3. I-Microinverter: Iphaneli ngayinye yelanga noma amaphaneli amaningana axhunywe ku-microinverter ehlukile, engafinyelela ukulandelela amaphuzu aphezulu (MPPT) kuphaneli ngayinye futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza okuphelele kohlelo.

Isebenza kanjani i-inverter

Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-inverter ukuguqula amandla e-DC abe amandla e-AC. Le nqubo ihlanganisa ukusebenzisa amandla kagesi, njengama-transistors nama-diode, ukuze kuhlanganiswe amagagasi ashintshanayo amanje ngokusebenzisa i-pulse width modulation (PWM) noma ezinye izindlela zokuguquguquka. I-inverter ingase futhi ibe ne-algorithm ye-Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amaphaneli elanga ahlala esebenza endaweni yawo yamandla aphezulu.

Ukusebenza kahle kwe-inverter nokusebenza

Ukusebenza kahle kwe-inverter kuyisilinganiso esibalulekile sokusebenza kwayo. Ama-inverters asebenza kahle kakhulu anganciphisa ukulahlekelwa ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa kwamandla futhi andise ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kohlelo lonke. Ukusebenza kahle kwe-inverter kuthintwa yizici eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukwakheka kwayo, amandla kagesi asetshenziswayo, ukuphathwa kwe-thermal kanye nokulawula ama-algorithms.

Ukucatshangelwa Kwedizayini Yesistimu

Lapho uklama uhlelo lwe-solar photovoltaic, izici ezilandelayo zidinga ukucatshangelwa:

1. Amandla aphelele wephaneli yelanga: Lokhu kunquma inani eliphezulu likagesi uhlelo olungakhiqiza.
2. Amandla we-inverter: I-inverter kufanele ikwazi ukuphatha amandla aphezulu akhiqizwa ama-solar panel.
3. Ukuvikelwa kwesistimu: I-inverter kufanele ibe ne-overload, i-short circuit kanye nemisebenzi yokuvikela ukushisa ngokweqile.
4. Ukuhambisana: I-inverter kufanele ihambisane namaphaneli elanga kanye nesistimu yegridi.
5. Ukufakwa Nokunakekelwa: I-inverter kufanele ifakwe ngokulandela iziqondiso zomkhiqizi futhi igcinwe njalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu.

Ukuphepha nokuhambisana

Amasistimu we-Solar PV nama-inverters kufanele aklanywe futhi afakwe ngokuhambisana namakhodi endawo kagesi kanye namazinga okuphepha. Ama-inverter ngokuvamile adingeka ukuthi abe nezitifiketi ezidingekayo zokuphepha, njenge-IEC 62109-1 kanye ne-IEC 62109-2.

Gada futhi ugcine

Ama-inverters anamuhla ngokuvamile zifakwe imisebenzi yokuqapha engakwazi ukuqapha ukusebenza kwesistimu ngesikhathi sangempela, okuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla, isimo se-inverter kanye nama-alamu amaphutha. Lokhu kusiza opharetha besistimu ukuthi bathuthukise ukusebenza kwesistimu futhi baphendule ngokushesha kunoma yiziphi izinkinga.

Ekuphetheni

Amasistimu okukhiqiza amandla ephaneli yelanga asebenzisa i-inverter ukuze aguqule amandla amanje aqondile abe awamanje ashintshanayo ukuze asetshenziswe kugridi yamandla noma ngokuqondile ukusetshenziswa ekhaya. Ukukhetha inverter efanele kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu nokwandisa imbuyiselo ekutshalweni kwezimali. Idizayini yesistimu kufanele icabangele uhlobo, ukusebenza kahle, izidingo zokuphepha kanye nokugcinwa kwe-inverter, kuyilapho ithobela imithetho nezindinganiso ezifanele.