Ukwabelana ngedayagram yeshaja yebhetri yelanga

Aitshaja yebhetri yelanga sisixhobo esisebenzisa amandla elanga ukutshaja kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo siquka ipaneli yelanga, isilawuli sentlawulo kunye nebhetri. Umgaqo wayo osebenzayo kukuguqula amandla elanga kumandla ombane, kwaye emva koko ugcine amandla ombane kwibhetri ngokusebenzisa isilawuli sentlawulo. Xa ukutshaja kufuneka, ngokudibanisa izixhobo zokutshaja ezihambelanayo (ezifana neefowuni eziphathwayo, iipilisi, njl. njl.), amandla ombane kwibhetri aya kudluliselwa kwisixhobo sokutshaja ukuze kutshajiswe.

Umgaqo osebenzayo weetshaja zebhetri zelanga zisekelwe kwimpembelelo ye-photovoltaic, oko kukuthi xa ukukhanya kwelanga kubetha ipaneli yelanga, amandla okukhanya aguqulwa abe ngamandla ombane. La mandla ombane aya kucutshungulwa ngumlawuli wentlawulo, kubandakanywa ukulungelelanisa i-voltage kunye neeparamitha zangoku ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutshaja okukhuselekileyo nokusebenzayo. Injongo yebhetri kukugcina amandla ombane ukunika amandla xa kuncinane okanye kungekho kukhanya kwelanga.

Iitshaja zebhetri zeSolar zinoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, ezibandakanya kodwa aziphelelanga kwezi ndawo zilandelayo:

Izixhobo zangaphandle: ezinjengeefowuni eziphathwayo, iitafile, iikhamera, iitotshi, njalo njalo, ngakumbi endle okanye kwindawo apho kungekho ezinye iindlela zokutshaja.

Izithuthi zombane zelanga kunye neenqanawa zelanga: Ibonelela ngamandla ongezelelweyo kwiibhetri zezi zixhobo.

Izibane zesitalato zelanga kunye neebhodi zelanga: zibonelela ngombane ngokusebenzisa i-photovoltaic effect, ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kumbane wendabuko.

Iindawo ezikude okanye amazwe asaphuhlayo: Kwezi ndawo, iitshaja zebhetri zelanga zinokusebenza njengendlela ethembekileyo yokubonelela amandla kubahlali.

Ngamafutshane, itshaja yebhetri yelanga sisixhobo esisebenzisa amandla elanga ukutshaja. Umgaqo wayo wokusebenza usekelwe kwimpembelelo ye-photovoltaic yokuguqula amandla okukhanya kumandla ombane. Ngenxa yokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, ukonga amandla kunye neempawu zokuthembeka, iitshaja zebhetri zelanga zinethuba elibanzi losetyenziso kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo.

Okulandelayo, umhleli uya kukwabelana nawe ngemizobo yesangqa yetshaja yebhetri yelanga kunye nohlalutyo olufutshane lwemigaqo yabo yokusebenza.

Ukwabelana ngedayagram yeshaja yebhetri yelanga

Umzobo wesiphaluka setshaja yelithium-ion yebhetri yelanga (1)

I-solar ye-lithium-ion itshaja yebhetri yesekethe elula eyenzelwe ukusebenzisa i-IC CN3065 enamalungu ambalwa angaphandle. Esi sekethe sibonelela nge-voltage ephuma rhoqo kwaye sinokuhlengahlengisa inqanaba le-voltage rhoqo nge-Rx (apha Rx = R3) ixabiso. Le sekethi isebenzisa i-4.4V ukuya kwi-6V yephaneli yelanga njengombane wokufaka igalelo,

I-IC CN3065 yitshaja engaguqukiyo engaguqukiyo yangoku, yombane engaguqukiyo kwiseli enye i-Li-ion kunye ne-Li-polymer ibhetri etshajwayo. Le IC ibonelela ngobume bentlawulo kunye nobume bokugqitywa kwentlawulo. Ifumaneka kwiphakheji ye-DFN ye-8-pin.

I-IC CN3065 ine-on-chip ye-8-bit ADC elungelelanisa ngokuzenzekelayo umjelo wokutshaja ngokusekwe kwisakhono sokuphuma konikezelo lwamandla okufakwayo. Le IC ifanelekile kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa amandla elanga. I-IC ibonisa ukusebenza ngokuqhubekayo kunye nokusebenza rhoqo kwe-voltage kwaye ibonisa ukulawulwa kwe-thermal ukunyusa amaxabiso okutshaja ngaphandle komngcipheko wokushisa. Le IC ibonelela ngomsebenzi wokubona ubushushu bebhetri.

Kulo mjikelezo webhetri ye-lithium ion ye-solar singasebenzisa nayiphi na i-4.2V ukuya kwi-6V ipaneli yelanga kunye nebhetri yokutshaja kufuneka ibe yi-4.2V lithium ion ibhetri. Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, le IC CN3065 inazo zonke iisekhethi ezifunekayo zokutshaja ibhetri kwichip kwaye asifuni izinto ezininzi zangaphandle. Amandla avela kwipaneli yelanga asetyenziswe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-pin ye-Vin nge-J1. I-C1 capacitor yenza umsebenzi wokucoca. I-LED ebomvu ibonisa isimo sokutshaja kwaye i-LED eluhlaza ibonisa ukutshaja ukugqitywa kokugqitywa. Fumana amandla ombane wokukhupha ibhetri kwi-BAT pin ye-CN3065. Ingxelo kunye nezikhonkwane zokubona ubushushu ziqhagamshelwe kuyo yonke i-J2.

Umzobo wesiphaluka setshaja yebhetri yelanga (2)

Amandla elanga yenye yeendlela simahla zamandla ahlaziyekayo onazo umhlaba. Ukwanda kwemfuno yamandla kuye kwanyanzela abantu ukuba bajonge iindlela zokufumana umbane kwimithombo yamandla avuselelekayo, kwaye amandla elanga abonakala njengomthombo wamandla othembisayo. Isekethe engentla iya kubonisa indlela yokwakha isekethe yetshaja yebhetri eneenjongo ezininzi ukusuka kwiphaneli yelanga elula.

Isekethe itsala amandla kwi-12V, i-5W yephaneli yelanga eguqula amandla okukhanya kwesiganeko abe ngamandla ombane. I-Diode 1N4001 yongezwa ukukhusela okwangoku ukuba ihambe kwicala elingasemva, ibangele umonakalo kwipaneli yelanga.

I-resistor yokukhawulela yangoku i-R1 yongezwa kwi-LED ukubonisa indlela yokuhamba yangoku. Emva koko kuza inxalenye elula yesekethe, yongeza i-voltage regulator ukulawula i-voltage kwaye ufumane inqanaba lombane elifunekayo. I-IC 7805 ibonelela ngemveliso ye-5V, ngelixa i-IC 7812 ibonelela ngemveliso ye-12V.

I-Resistors i-R2 kunye ne-R3 zisetyenziselwa ukukhawulela umjelo wokutshaja kwinqanaba elikhuselekileyo. Unokusebenzisa isiphaluka esingentla ukuhlawula iibhetri ze-Ni-MH kunye neebhetri ze-Li-ion. Unokusebenzisa ii-ICs ezongezelelweyo zokulawula amandla ombane ukufumana amanqanaba ombane ahlukeneyo.

Umzobo wesiphaluka setshaja yebhetri yelanga (3)

Isekhethi yetshaja yebhetri yelanga asiyonto ngaphandle kokuthelekisa ezimbini ezidibanisa iphaneli yelanga kwibhetri xa amandla ombane kwitheminali yokugqibela iphantsi kwaye iyayiqhawula ukuba ingaphezulu komda othile. Ekubeni ilinganisa amandla ombane webhetri, ifaneleka ngokukodwa kwiibhetri ezikhokelayo, i-electrolyte liquids okanye i-colloids, eyona nto ifaneleka kakhulu kule ndlela.

I-voltage yebhetri ihlukaniswe yi-R3 kwaye ithunyelwe kwiimbini zokuthelekisa kwi-IC2. Xa iphantsi kunomda onqunywe yimveliso ye-P2, i-IC2B iba kwinqanaba eliphezulu, elibangela ukuba imveliso ye-IC2C ibe kumgangatho ophezulu. I-T1 igcwalisa kwaye i-RL1 iqhube, ivumela ipaneli yelanga ukuba itshaje ibhetri nge-D3. Xa amandla ombane ebhetri edlula umda osetwe yi-P1, zombini iziphumo ze-ICA kunye ne-IC-C ziye ziphantsi, zibangela ukuba i-relay ivuleke, ngaloo ndlela inqanda ukulayisha kakhulu ibhetri ngelixa itshaja. Ukuzinzisa imingcele egqitywe yi-P1 kunye ne-P2, baxhotyiswe nge-IC ye-voltage regulator edibeneyo, ihlukaniswe ngokuqinileyo kumbane wepaneli yelanga nge-D2 kunye ne-C4.

Umzobo wesiphaluka setshaja yebhetri yelanga (4)

Lo ngumzobo weskimu wesekethe yetshaja yebhetri eqhutywa yiseli enye yelanga. Le sekethi iyilwe kusetyenziswa i-MC14011B eveliswe yi-ON Semiconductor. I-CD4093 ingasetyenziselwa ukutshintsha i-MC14011B. Uluhlu lwamandla ombane: 3.0 VDC ukuya kwi-18 VDC.

Le sekethi ihlawulisa ibhetri ye-9V malunga ne-30mA ngegalelo ngalinye kwi-0.4V. I-U1 yi-quad Schmitt trigger enokusetyenziswa njenge-stable multivibrator ukuqhuba izixhobo ze-TMOS ze-Q1 kunye ne-Q2. Amandla e-U1 afumaneka kwibhetri ye-9V nge-D4; amandla e-Q1 kunye ne-Q2 anikezelwa yiseli yelanga. I-multivibrator frequency, enqunywe yi-R2-C1, imiselwe kwi-180 Hz ukuze isebenze ngokufanelekileyo kwe-6.3V i-filament transformer T1. Eyesibini ye-transformer iqhagamshelwe kwisilungisi esipheleleyo sebhulorho ye-D1 eqhagamshelwe kwibhetri ehlawulwayo. Ibhetri encinci ye-nickel-cadmium yi-fail-safe-excitation power supply evumela ukuba inkqubo ibuyele kwakhona xa ibhetri ye-9V ikhutshwe ngokupheleleyo.