Indlela yokunciphisa iiseli zelanga

Ukukhanya kwelanga yenye yezinto eziyimfuneko ekukhuleni nasekuphileni kwazo zonke izinto. Kubonakala kungapheli. Ke ngoko, amandla elanga abe ngowona mthombo wamandla "wekamva" unethemba emva kwamandla omoya kunye namandla amanzi. Isizathu sokongeza isimaphambili "sekamva" kukuba amandla elanga asesebutsheni bawo. Kwaye nangona imithombo yamandla elanga ineengenelo ezininzi, ishishini lamandla elanga lasekhaya liye lagqithisa ngenxa yobuthathaka bokuguqulwa kwamandla kunye nokusetyenziswa okungonelanga kwezixhobo.

Ukuphuhliswa kwamandla elanga mhlawumbi kunokulandwa emva phayaa phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-19. Ngelo xesha, ukuveliswa kokusetyenziswa kwamandla ombane ukuvelisa amandla ombane kwenza abantu baqonde ukuba amandla ashushu kunye namandla ombane anokuguqulwa omnye komnye, kwaye amandla elanga ngowona mthombo othe ngqo wokuvelisa amandla ashushu. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iipaneli zelanga mhlawumbi zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimarike yoluntu. Bayakwazi ukufunxa ukukhanya kwelanga kwaye baguqule amandla emitha yelanga ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo kumandla ombane ngesiphumo sefotoelectric okanye isiphumo sefotochemical.

Uninzi lweemveliso ze-elektroniki zanamhlanje zisebenzisa iibhetri ze-lithium ezitshajekayo. Ngokukodwa izixhobo zombane eziphathwayo, ngenxa yokuba zikhaphukhaphu, ziphathwa kwaye zinemisebenzi emininzi yesicelo, abasebenzisi abathintelwanga ziimeko zokusingqongileyo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, kwaye ixesha lokusebenza lide. Ke ngoko, iibhetri ze-lithium ziye zaba lolona khetho luqhelekileyo ngaphandle kobuthathaka bobomi bebhetri.

Xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri ze-lithium, enye yezinto ezingalunganga zeeseli zelanga ziyabonakala, oko kukuthi, azikwazi ukuhlukana nokukhanya kwelanga. Ukuguqulwa kwamandla elanga kumandla ombane kulungelelaniswa nokukhanya kwelanga ngexesha lokwenyani. Ke ngoko, amandla elanga, anokusetyenziswa kuphela emini okanye nangeentsuku ezinelanga kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo neebhetri ze-lithium, ngokude nje zihlawuliswe ngokupheleleyo, zinokukhululeka ngokupheleleyo kwimithintelo yexesha kunye nokusingqongileyo kwaye zingasetyenziswa ngokuguquguqukayo.

Ubunzima "ekunciphiseni"iiseli zelanga

Ngenxa yokuba iiseli zelanga ngokwazo azikwazi ukugcina amandla ombane, eyona bug enkulu kakhulu kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, abaphandi beza nombono wokusebenzisa iiseli zelanga ngokubambisana neebhetri ezinkulu ezinomthamo omkhulu. Iibhetri ze-lead-asidi lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo lwenkqubo yobonelelo lwamandla elanga. Ibhetri enkulu yeklasi. Indibaniselwano yezi mveliso zimbini yenza ukuba iseli yelanga esele inkulu ibe "nkulu". Ukuba ufuna ukuyifaka kwizixhobo eziphathwayo, kufuneka uqale udlule kwinkqubo "yokunciphisa".

Ngenxa yokuba izinga lokuguqulwa kwamandla lingekho phezulu, indawo yokukhanya kwelanga yeeseli zelanga idla ngokuba nkulu, obo bubunzima bokuqala bobuchwephesha abajongene nabo kuhambo lwabo "lokunciphisa". Umda wangoku wezinga lokuguqulwa kwamandla elanga malunga ne-24%. Xa kuthelekiswa nokuveliswa kwepaneli yelanga ebiza kakhulu, ngaphandle kokuba isetyenziswe kwindawo enkulu, ukusebenza kwayo kuya kuncitshiswa kakhulu, kungasasetyenziswa kwizixhobo eziphathwayo.

Ngenxa yokuba izinga lokuguqulwa kwamandla aliphezulu, indawo yokukhanya kwelanga kwiiseli zelanga ihlala inkulu.

Indlela "yokunciphisa" iiseli zelanga?

Ukudibanisa iiseli zelanga kunye neebhetri ze-lithium ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe yenye yophando lwangoku kunye nophuhliso lwezikhokelo zabaphandi bezenzululwazi, kwaye kuyindlela esebenzayo yokudibanisa iiseli zelanga. Eyona mveliso ixhaphakileyo yeseli yelanga yibhanki yamandla. Ngokuguqula amandla okukhanya kumandla ombane kunye nokuwagcina kwibhetri ye-lithium eyakhelweyo, ibhanki yamandla elanga inokuhlawula iifowuni eziphathwayo, iikhamera zedijithali, iipilisi kunye nezinye iimveliso, ezo zombini zigcina amandla kunye nokusingqongileyo.

Iiseli zelanga ezinokufikelela ngokwenene kwimizi-mveliso zihlulwe zibe ziindidi ezimbini: udidi lokuqala luyi-crystalline iiseli ze-silicon, ezibandakanya i-polycrystalline silicon kunye neeseli ze-silicon ze-monocrystalline, ezithatha ngaphezu kwe-80% yesabelo semarike; udidi lwesibini ziiseli zefilimu ezibhityileyo, eziye zahlulwa ngakumbi kwiiseli ze-silicon ze-Amorphous zinenkqubo elula kunye neendleko eziphantsi, kodwa ukusebenza kwazo kuphantsi kwaye kukho iimpawu zokuhla.

Iiseli zelanga zefilim ezibhityileyo zizimilimitha ezimbalwa kuphela ubukhulu kwaye zinokugotshwa kwaye zigoqwe. Basenokusebenzisa izinto ezahlukeneyo ezahlukeneyo njengemathiriyeli ye-substrate. Zinokudityaniswa ngokuthe ngqo kwiibhetri ze-lithium zokutshaja, okuthetha ukuba iiseli zelanga zinokuphuhliswa zibe zitshaja ezintsha ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo. Kusenokwenzeka kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, olu hlobo lwetshaja lunokuboniswa kwiimilo ezahlukeneyo, okwenza kube lula ukuthwala. Ngokomzekelo, ukuxhoma kwisikhwama sesikolo okanye iimpahla kunokuhlawula ifowuni yeselula, kwaye ingxaki yobomi bebhetri ixazululwa ngokulula.

Abaphuhlisi abaninzi ngoku bakholelwa ukuba iibhetri ze-lithium ezenziwe ngegraphene ziyimpumelelo ebalulekileyo ekusombululeni ingxaki yebhetri yezixhobo zombane eziphathwayo. Ukuba izinga lokuguqulwa kweeseli zelanga kwindawo nganye yeyunithi inokuphuculwa ngokufanelekileyo, ngoko ifom epholileyo yokutshaja kweselula nanini na naphi na iya kuba ngumthombo wamandla wexesha elizayo. Indlela egqibeleleyo yokufaka imibuzo.

Isishwankathelo: Amandla elanga sesona sipho sikhulu sendalo, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga akukadumi kakhulu. Kusekho iingxaki ngeendleko eziphezulu kunye nokusebenza okuphantsi kokuguqulwa ekusebenziseni amandla elanga ukuvelisa umbane. Kuphela ngokwandisa ngokufanelekileyo izinga lokuguqulwa kwamandla elanga kwindawo nganye yeyunithi sinokusebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo amandla kwaye sifezekise utshintsho olugqibeleleyo ukusuka kumandla elanga ukuya kumandla ombane. Ngelo xesha, ukuhamba kweeseli zelanga akusayi kuba yingxaki.