Intshayelelo ye-Encyclopedia kwii-inverters zelanga

Inverter , eyaziwa ngokuba ngumlawuli wamandla kunye nomlawuli wamandla, yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo ye-photovoltaic. Umsebenzi oyintloko we-photovoltaic inverter kukuguqula amandla e-DC aveliswa ngamapaneli elanga kumandla e-AC asetyenziswa zizixhobo zasekhaya. Wonke umbane oveliswa ngamaphaneli elanga kufuneka acutshungulwe yi-inverter ngaphambi kokuba aphume kwihlabathi langaphandle. [1] Ngokusebenzisa i-full-bridge circuit, iprosesa ye-SPWM isetyenziselwa ukumodareyitha, ukuhluzwa, ukunyusa i-voltage, njl. Nge-inverter, ibhetri ye-DC ingasetyenziselwa ukunika amandla e-AC kwizinto zombane.

Intshayelelo:

Inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla elanga ye-AC iqulunqwe ngeepaneli zelanga, isilawuli sentlawulo, i-inverter kunye nebhetri; inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla elanga yeDC ayiquki i-inverter. Inkqubo yokuguqula amandla e-AC abe ngamandla e-DC kuthiwa lulungiso, isekethe egqibezela umsebenzi wolungiso ibizwa ngokuba yi-rectifier circuit, kwaye isixhobo esiphumeza inkqubo yolungiso sibizwa ngokuba sisixhobo sokulungisa okanye isilungisi. Ngokuhambelanayo, inkqubo yokuguqula amandla e-DC kumandla e-AC ibizwa ngokuba yi-inverter, isekethe egqiba umsebenzi wokuguqula ibizwa ngokuba yi-inverter circuit, kwaye isixhobo esisebenzisa inkqubo yokuguqula sibizwa ngokuba yi-inverter isixhobo okanye inverter.

Ingundoqo yesixhobo se-inverter yisekethe yokuguqula i-inverter, ebizwa ngokuba yi-inverter circuit. Le sekethi igqibezela umsebenzi wokuguqula ngokuvula kunye nokucima iswitshi yombane yombane. Ukutshintshwa kwezixhobo zombane zokutshintsha i-elektroniki kufuna ii-pulses ezithile zokuqhuba, kwaye ezi pulse zinokuhlengahlengiswa ngokutshintsha isignali yombane. Isekethe eyenza kwaye ilawule i-pulses idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-control circuit okanye i-loop loop. Isakhiwo esisisiseko sesixhobo sokuguqula i-inverter sibandakanya, ngaphezu kwe-inverter ekhankanywe ngasentla kunye nesekethe yokulawula, isiphaluka sokukhusela, i-circuit circuit, i-input circuit, i-output circuit, njl.

Iimbonakalo:

Ngenxa yokwahluka kwezakhiwo, kuya kukhokelela ngokuqinisekileyo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zofakelo lweepaneli zelanga. Ukuze ukwandise ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa kwamandla elanga ngelixa kuthathelwa ingqalelo inkangeleko entle yesakhiwo, oku kufuna ukuhlukahluka kwee-inverters zethu ukufezekisa eyona ndlela ibalaseleyo yamandla elanga. Guqula.

Uguqulo oluphakathi

I-inverter esembindini isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkqubo zezikhululo zamandla ephotovoltaic ezinkulu (>10kW). Iintambo ezininzi ze-photovoltaic ezihambelanayo zixhunyiwe kwigalelo le-DC ye-inverter efanayo ephakathi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimodyuli zamandla e-IGBT zesigaba sesithathu zisetyenziselwa amandla aphezulu. Abancinci basebenzisa i-transistors yempembelelo yentsimi kwaye basebenzise abalawuli bokuguqulwa kwe-DSP ukuphucula umgangatho wamandla avelisiweyo ukuze isondele kakhulu kwi-sine wave yangoku. Eyona nto inkulu ngamandla aphezulu kunye neendleko eziphantsi zenkqubo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nomthamo wokuvelisa umbane wenkqubo yonke ye-photovoltaic ichaphazeleka ngokuhambelana neentambo ze-photovoltaic kunye ne-shading partial. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukuthembeka kokuveliswa kwamandla kwenkqubo yonke ye-photovoltaic kuchaphazelekayo yimeko engasebenzi kakuhle yeqela elithile leyunithi ye-photovoltaic. Imikhomba-ndlela yophando yamva nje kusetyenziso lolawulo lokumodareyithwa kwevektha yendawo kunye nophuhliso loqhagamshelo olutsha lwe-inverter topology ukufumana impumelelo ephezulu phantsi kweemeko zomthwalo ongaphelelanga. Kwi-inverter ephakathi kwe-SolarMax, ibhokisi ye-photovoltaic array interface inokudityaniswa ukuze ibeke iliso kumtya ngamnye weepaneli zeseyile ze-photovoltaic. Ukuba enye yeentambo ayisebenzi ngokufanelekileyo, inkqubo iya Ukwaziswa kokudluliselwa kumlawuli okude, kwaye le ntambo ingamiswa ngokulawula okude, ukwenzela ukuba ukungaphumeleli komtya omnye we-photovoltaic akuyi kunciphisa okanye kuchaphazele umsebenzi kunye nemveliso yamandla. yonke inkqubo ye-photovoltaic.

Inverter yomtya

Ii-inverters zentambo ziye zaba zezona zidumileyo kwii-inverters kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe. I-inverter yomtya isekelwe kwingcamango yemodyuli. Intambo nganye ye-photovoltaic (1kW-5kW) idlula kwi-inverter, inamandla aphezulu okulandelela i-peak ekupheleni kwe-DC, kwaye idibaniswe ngokuhambelana negridi ekupheleni kwe-AC. Uninzi lwezityalo zamandla e-photovoltaic ezinkulu zisebenzisa ii-inverters zentambo. Inzuzo kukuba ayichaphazeli ukuhluka kwemodyuli kunye nezithunzi phakathi kweentambo, kwaye ngexesha elifanayo linciphisa indawo efanelekileyo yokusebenza yeemodyuli ze-photovoltaic.

Ukungafani kunye ne-inverter, ngaloo ndlela ukwandisa ukuveliswa kwamandla. Ezi zibonelelo zobugcisa azigcini nje ukunciphisa iindleko zenkqubo, kodwa zandisa ukuthembeka kwenkqubo. Ngelo xesha, ingcamango ye "master-slave" iqaliswa phakathi kweentambo, ukwenzela ukuba xa amandla omtya omnye kwinkqubo engenakwenza umsebenzi we-inverter enye, amaqela amaninzi eentambo ze-photovoltaic angadibaniswa kunye ukuze avumele enye okanye abaninzi kubo ukuba basebenze. , ngaloo ndlela ivelisa amandla ombane amaninzi. Ingqikelelo yamva nje kukuba ii-inverters ezininzi zenza i-"team" kunye enye nenye ukuze ithathe indawo ye-"master-slave" ingqikelelo, okwenza inkqubo ithembeke ngakumbi.

Inverter yeentambo ezininzi

I-Multi-string inverter ithatha inzuzo ye-inverter ye-centralized kunye ne-string inverter, igwema ukungona kwabo, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa kwizikhululo zamandla e-photovoltaic ezine-kilowatts ezininzi. Kwi-multi-string inverter, ukulandelwa kwencopho yamandla ahlukeneyo kunye ne-DC-to-DC converters zibandakanyiwe. I-DC iguqulwa ibe ngamandla e-AC ngokusebenzisa i-DC-to-AC inverter eqhelekileyo kwaye iqhagamshelwe kwigridi. Ukulinganisa okuhlukeneyo kweentambo ze-photovoltaic (umz. amandla ahlukeneyo alinganisiweyo, inani elihlukeneyo leemodyuli ngomtya ngamnye, abavelisi abahlukeneyo beemodyuli, njl.), Ubukhulu obuhlukeneyo okanye ubuchwephesha obuhlukeneyo beemodyuli ze-photovoltaic, ukuqhelaniswa okuhlukeneyo kweentambo (umz: empuma, emzantsi nasentshona) , ii-angles ze-tilt ezahlukeneyo okanye i-shading, inokudibaniswa kwi-inverter eqhelekileyo, kunye nomtya ngamnye osebenza kwi-peak yabo ephezulu yamandla. Ngexesha elifanayo, ubude bentambo ye-DC buncitshisiwe, ukunciphisa umphumo womthunzi phakathi kweentambo kunye nokulahlekelwa okubangelwa ukungafani phakathi kweentambo.

Inverter yecandelo

I-module inverter idibanisa imodyuli nganye ye-photovoltaic kwi-inverter, kwaye imodyuli nganye inomlinganiselo ozimeleyo wokulandelela amandla aphezulu, ukwenzela ukuba imodyuli kunye ne-inverter isebenzisane ngcono. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswe kwi-50W ukuya kwi-400W izikhululo zamandla e-photovoltaic, ukusebenza kakuhle ngokupheleleyo kuphantsi kune-inverters yentambo. Ekubeni zidityaniswe ngokuhambelanayo kwicala le-AC, oku kwandisa ubunzima be-wiring kwicala le-AC kwaye kwenza ukugcinwa kube nzima. Enye into efuna ukusonjululwa yindlela yokudibanisa kwigridi ngokufanelekileyo. Indlela elula kukudibanisa kwigridi ngokuthe ngqo kwiisokethi ze-AC eziqhelekileyo, ezinokunciphisa iindleko kunye nofakelo lwezixhobo, kodwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo imigangatho yokhuseleko lwegridi yamandla kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ayinakuyivumela. Ngokwenza njalo, inkampani yamandla inokuchasa uxhulumaniso oluthe ngqo lwesixhobo sokuvelisa kwisokethi yendlu eqhelekileyo. Enye into enxulumene nokhuseleko kukuba ingaba i-transformer yokuzimela (i-frequency ephezulu okanye i-frequency ephantsi) iyafuneka okanye ingaba i-inverter engena-transformer ivumelekile. Le inverter isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindonga zamakhethini eglasi.

Ukusebenza kweSolar Inverter

Ukusebenza kakuhle kwee-inverters zelanga kubhekiselele kwimarike ekhulayo yee-inverters zelanga (i-photovoltaic inverters) ngenxa yemfuno yamandla avuselelekayo. Kwaye ezi ziguquli zifuna ukusebenza ngokugqithisileyo kunye nokuthembeka. Iisekethe zamandla ezisetyenziswa kwezi inverters zihlolwe kwaye ukhetho olungcono lokutshintsha kunye nezixhobo zokulungisa ziyacetyiswa. Isakhiwo esiqhelekileyo se-photovoltaic inverter siboniswe kuMzobo 1. Kukho ii-inverters ezintathu ezahlukeneyo zokukhetha. Ukukhanya kwelanga kukhanya kwiimodyuli zelanga eziqhagamshelwe kwichungechunge, kwaye imodyuli nganye iqulethe isethi yeeyunithi zeeseli zelanga ezixhunyiwe kuchungechunge. Umbane othe ngqo wangoku (DC) owenziwe ngamamodyuli elanga ukwi-odolo yee-volts ezingamakhulu angamakhulu, kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zokukhanyisa zemodyuli, ubushushu beeseli kunye nenani leemodyuli ezixhunywe kuthotho.

Umsebenzi ophambili wolu hlobo lwe-inverter kukuguqula igalelo lombane we-DC kwixabiso elizinzileyo. Lo msebenzi uphunyezwa ngokuguqulelwa kwe-boost kwaye ufuna i-boost switch kunye ne-boost diode. Kulwakhiwo lokuqala, inqanaba lokunyusa lilandelwa sisiguquli esizimeleyo esipheleleyo sebhulorho. Injongo yesiguquli sebhulorho epheleleyo kukubonelela ngokuzimela. Isiguquli sesibini sebhulorho epheleleyo kwisiphumo sisetyenziselwa ukuguqula i-DC ukusuka kwinqanaba lokuqala elipheleleyo lokuguqulela ibhulorho kwi-voltage yangoku (AC). Imveliso yayo ihluzwa ngaphambi kokuba idityaniswe kwinethiwekhi yegridi ye-AC ngokusebenzisa i-switch eyongezelelweyo ephindwe kabini yoqhagamshelwano, ukwenzela ukubonelela ngokuzimeleyo ngokukhuselekileyo xa kukho impazamo kunye nokuhlukaniswa kwigridi yokubonelela ebusuku. Ulwakhiwo lwesibini luyilo olungabodwa. Phakathi kwabo, i-voltage ye-AC yenziwa ngokuthe ngqo yimveliso yombane we-DC ngenqanaba lokunyusa. Isakhiwo sesithathu sisebenzisa i-topology entsha yokutshintsha kwamandla kunye ne-diode zamandla ukudibanisa imisebenzi ye-boost kunye ne-AC yokuvelisa i-AC kwi-topology ezinikeleyo, okwenza i-inverter isebenze ngokufanelekileyo nangona ukuguqulwa okuphantsi kakhulu kwepaneli yelanga. Kufuphi ne-100% kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu.EJamani, imodyuli yochungechunge lwe-3kW efakwe kuphahla olujonge emazantsi kulindeleke ukuba ivelise i-2550 kWh ngonyaka. Ukuba ukusebenza kwe-inverter kunyuswe ukusuka kwi-95% ukuya kwi-96%, umbane owongezelelweyo wama-25kWh unokuveliswa ngonyaka. Iindleko zokusebenzisa iimodyuli ezongezelelweyo zelanga ukuvelisa le 25kWh ilingana nokongeza i-inverter. Ekubeni ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle ukusuka kwi-95% ukuya kwi-96% akuyi kuphinda kabini iindleko ze-inverter, utyalo-mali kwi-inverter esebenzayo lukhetho olungenakuphepheka. Kuyilo olusakhulayo, ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-inverter ngeyona ndlela ineendleko eziphezulu yeyona nto iphambili yoyilo loyilo. Ngokuphathelele ukuthembeka kunye neendleko ze-inverter, zimbini ezinye iindlela zokuyila. Ukusebenza okuphezulu kunciphisa ukuguquguquka kweqondo lokushisa phezu komjikelezo womthwalo, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukuthembeka, ngoko ke ezi zikhokelo zihambelana ngokwenene. Ukusetyenziswa kweemodyuli kuya kwandisa ukuthembeka.

Ukunyusa utshintsho kunye nediode

Zonke iitoplogi ezibonisiweyo zifuna ukutshintshwa kombane ngokukhawuleza. Inqanaba lokunyusa kunye nenqanaba lokuguqulwa kwebhulorho epheleleyo lifuna i-diode yokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza. Ukongeza, iiswitshi ezilungiselelwe i-frequency ephantsi (100Hz) ukutshintsha zikwaluncedo kwezi topology. Kuyo nayiphi na itekhnoloji ye-silicon enikiweyo, iiswitshi ezilungiselelwe ukutshintshela ngokukhawuleza ziya kuba nelahleko ephezulu yokuqhuba kunokutshintsha okulungiselelwe usetyenziso olusezantsi.

Inqanaba lokunyusa liyilwe ngokubanzi njengesiguquli semowudi eqhubekayo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwinani leemodyuli zelanga kwi-array esetyenziswe kwi-inverter, unokukhetha ukuba usebenzise izixhobo ze-600V okanye i-1200V. Iinketho ezimbini zokutshintsha amandla ziiMOSFET kunye nee-IGBTs. Ngokubanzi, ii-MOSFETs zinokusebenza kumaza okutshintsha aphezulu kunee-IGBTs. Ukongezelela, impembelelo ye-diode yomzimba kufuneka ihlale ithathelwe ingqalelo: kwimeko yenqanaba lokunyusa oku akuyona ingxaki ekubeni i-diode yomzimba ayiqhubeki kwimodi yokusebenza eqhelekileyo. Ilahleko yokuqhutywa kwe-MOSFET ingabalwa kwi-RDS (ON), ehambelana nendawo esebenzayo yosapho lwe-MOSFET. Xa umbane olinganisiweyo utshintsha ukusuka kwi-600V ukuya kwi-1200V, ilahleko yokuqhuba iMOSFET iya kwanda kakhulu. Ke ngoko, nokuba i-RDS(ON) ereyithiweyo iyalingana, i-1200V MOSFET ayifumaneki okanye ixabiso liphezulu kakhulu.

Ukutshintsha i-boost switch kwi-600V, i-superjunction MOSFETs ingasetyenziswa. Ukusetyenziswa kokutshintsha kwe-frequency ephezulu, le teknoloji ineelahleko ezihamba phambili zokuqhuba. Ii-MOSFET ezinamaxabiso e-RDS (ON) angaphantsi kwe-100 milliohms kwiiphakheji ze-TO-220 kunye ne-MOSFETs ezinexabiso le-RDS (ON) elingaphantsi kwe-50 milliohms kwiiphakheji ze-TO-247. Kwii-inverters zelanga ezifuna ukutshintshwa kwamandla e-1200V, i-IGBT lukhetho olufanelekileyo. Ubuchwephesha be-IGBT obuphezulu, obufana ne-NPT Trench kunye ne-NPT Field Stop, ilungiselelwe ukunciphisa ilahleko yokuqhuba, kodwa ngeendleko zelahleko eziphezulu zokutshintsha, okubenza bangalungeli kakhulu ukunyusa usetyenziso kwiifrikhwensi eziphezulu.

Ngokusekwe kwitekhnoloji yeplani ye-NPT yakudala, isixhobo se-FGL40N120AND saphuhliswa esinokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwesekethe ye-boost kunye ne-high switching frequency. Ine-EOFF ye-43uJ/A. Xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, i-EOFF yi-80uJ / A, kodwa kufuneka ifumaneke Olu hlobo lomsebenzi lunzima kakhulu. Ukungalungi kwesixhobo se-FGL40N120AND kukuba i-saturation voltage drop VCE (SAT) (3.0V vs. 2.1V kwi-125ºC) iphezulu, kodwa ilahleko yayo ephantsi yokutshintsha kwi-high boost switching frequencies ngaphezu kokwenza oku. Isixhobo sikwadibanisa ne-anti-parallel diode. Ngaphantsi komsebenzi oqhelekileyo wokunyusa, le diode ayiyi kuqhuba. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lokuqalisa okanye ngexesha leemeko ezidlulayo, kunokwenzeka ukuba i-boost circuit iqhutywe kwimodi esebenzayo, apho i-anti-parallel diode iya kuqhuba. Ekubeni i-IGBT ngokwayo ingenayo i-diode yomzimba wendalo, le diode ehlanganiswe ngokubambisana iyafuneka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuthembekileyo. Ukwandisa iidiode, iidiode zokubuyisela ngokukhawuleza ezifana ne-Stealth™ okanye i-carbon silicon diode ziyafuneka.I-carbon-silicon diode zinombane ophantsi kakhulu kunye neelahleko. Xa ukhetha i-boost diode, umphumo we-reverse recovery current (okanye i-junction capacitance ye-carbon-silicon diode) kwi-boost switch kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo, njengoko oku kuya kubangela ilahleko eyongezelelweyo. Apha, i-Stealth II diode esanda kusungulwa FFP08S60S inokubonelela ngokusebenza okuphezulu. Xa i-VDD = 390V, i-ID = 8A, di/dt=200A/us, kunye nobushushu bemeko yi-100ºC, ilahleko yokutshintsha ebalwayo ingaphantsi kwe-FFP08S60S ipharamitha ye-205mJ. Ukusebenzisa i-ISL9R860P2 Stealth diode, eli xabiso lifikelela kwi-225mJ. Ke ngoko, oku kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-inverter kwiindawo eziphezulu zokutshintsha.

Ukutshintsha kwebhulorho kunye neediode

Emva kokucoca ibhulorho epheleleyo ye-MOSFET, ibhulorho ephumayo ivelisa i-50Hz yombane we-sinusoidal kunye nomqondiso wangoku. Ukuphunyezwa okuqhelekileyo kukusebenzisa i-architecture eqhelekileyo yebhulorho epheleleyo (Umfanekiso 2). Kumzobo, ukuba utshintsho oluphezulu ngasekhohlo nasezantsi ngasekunene luvuliwe, i-voltage efanelekileyo ilayishwa phakathi kwee-terminals zasekhohlo nasekunene; ukuba izitshixo kwicala eliphezulu lasekunene nasezantsi ngasekhohlo zivuliwe, i-voltage engalunganga ilayishwa phakathi kwe-terminals ekhohlo nasekunene. Kwesi sicelo, iswitshi enye kuphela evuliweyo ngexesha elithile. Iswitshi enye inokutshintshelwa kwi-PWM ephezulu kwaye enye itshintshele kwi-50Hz ephantsi. Ekubeni isiphaluka se-bootstrap sixhomekeke ekuguqulweni kwezixhobo ezisezantsi, izixhobo eziphantsi zitshintshela kwi-PWM ephezulu, ngelixa izixhobo eziphezulu zitshintshela kwi-50Hz ephantsi. Esi sicelo sisebenzisa umbane we-600V, ngoko ke i-600V i-superjunction MOSFET ifanelekile kakhulu kwesi sixhobo sokutshintsha ngesantya esiphezulu. Ngenxa yokuba ezi zixhobo zokutshintsha ziya kumelana ne-reverse reverse recovery current yezinye izixhobo xa utshintshi luvuliwe, izixhobo ze-superjunction zokubuyisela ngokukhawuleza ezifana ne-600V FCH47N60F zikhetho ezifanelekileyo. I-RDS yayo (ON) yi-73 milliohms, kwaye ilahleko yayo yokuqhuba iphantsi kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izixhobo ezifanayo zokubuyisela ngokukhawuleza. Xa esi sixhobo siguquka kwi-50Hz, akukho mfuneko yokusebenzisa into yokubuyisela ngokukhawuleza. Ezi zixhobo zineempawu ezigqwesileyo ze-dv/dt kunye ne-di/dt, eziphucula ukuthembeka kwenkqubo xa kuthelekiswa nee-MOSFETs eziphezulu.

Olunye ukhetho olufanele ukuphononongwa kukusetyenziswa kwesixhobo seFGH30N60LSD. Yi-30A/600V IGBT ene-saturation voltage VCE(SAT) ye-1.1V kuphela. I-EOFF yokulahlekelwa kwayo iphezulu kakhulu, ifikelela kwi-10mJ, ngoko ifanelekile kuphela ukuguqulwa kwe-frequency ephantsi. I-50 milliohm MOSFET ine-RDS (ON) yokumelana ne-100 milliohms kubushushu bokusebenza. Ngoko ke, ku-11A, ine-VDS efanayo ne-VCE(SAT) ye-IGBT. Ekubeni le IGBT isekwe kwitekhnoloji yokuqhekeka yakudala, iVCE(SAT) ayitshintshi kakhulu ngamaqondo obushushu. Le IGBT ke ngoko inciphisa ilahleko iyonke kwibhulorho yokuphuma, ngaloo ndlela inyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-inverter. Inyani yokuba i-FGH30N60LSD IGBT itshintsha ukusuka kwitekhnoloji yokuguqula amandla ukuya kwenye itopology ezinikeleyo yonke isiqingatha somjikelo ikwaluncedo. Ii-IGBT zisetyenziswa apha njengotshintsho lwe-topological. Ukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza, izixhobo ze-superjunction eziqhelekileyo kunye nokubuyisela ngokukhawuleza zisetyenziswa. Kwi-1200V i-topology ezinikeleyo kunye nesakhiwo esipheleleyo sebhulorho, i-FGL40N120AND ekhankanywe ngasentla iyitshintshi efanelekileyo kakhulu kwii-inverters zelanga eziphezulu ze-high-frequency. Xa iitekhnoloji ezikhethekileyo zifuna iidiode, iStealth II, iHyperfast™ II diode kunye necarbon-silicon diode zizisombululo ezintle.

umsebenzi:

I-inverter ayinayo kuphela umsebenzi we-DC ukuya kwi-AC ukuguqulwa, kodwa inomsebenzi wokwandisa ukusebenza kweeseli zelanga kunye nomsebenzi wokukhusela inkqubo yokukhusela. Isishwankathelo, kukho ukusebenza okuzenzekelayo kunye nokuvalwa kwemisebenzi, umsebenzi wokulawula ukulandelela umbane ophezulu, umsebenzi wokukhusela umsebenzi ozimeleyo (kwiinkqubo ezidityanisiweyo zegridi), umsebenzi wohlengahlengiso oluzenzekelayo lombane (kwiinkqubo ezidityaniswe negridi), umsebenzi wokufumanisa i-DC (kwiinkqubo ezidityaniswe negridi). ), kunye nokufunyanwa komhlaba we-DC. Umsebenzi (weesistim eziqhagamshelwe kwigridi). Nantsi intshayelelo emfutshane yokusebenza okuzenzekelayo kunye nokuvalwa kwemisebenzi kunye nomsebenzi wolawulo wokulandelela amandla aphezulu.

Ukusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nomsebenzi wokuvala: Emva kokuphuma kwelanga ekuseni, ubukhulu bemitha yelanga buyanda ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye ukuveliswa kweseli yelanga kuyanda. Xa amandla aphumayo afunekayo ekusebenzeni kwe-inverter efikelelwe, i-inverter iqala ukusebenza ngokuzenzekelayo. Emva kokungena ekusebenzeni, i-inverter iya kubeka iliso kwimveliso yeemodyuli zeeseli zelanga ngamaxesha onke. Ngethuba nje amandla okuvelisa iimodyuli zeeseli zelanga zikhulu kunamandla okuvelisa afunekayo kumsebenzi we-inverter, i-inverter iya kuqhubeka isebenza; iyakuyeka de kutshone ilanga, nokuba i-inverter inokusebenza ngeentsuku zemvula. Xa imveliso yemodyuli yelanga iba yincinci kwaye imveliso ye-inverter isondela kwi-0, i-inverter ingena kwindawo yokulinda.

Ubuninzi bomsebenzi wokulawula ukulandelela umkhondo: Imveliso yemodyuli yeseli yelanga iyatshintsha kunye nobukhulu bemitha yelanga kunye nobushushu bemodyuli yeseli yelanga ngokwayo (ubushushu be-chip). Ukongezelela, ngenxa yokuba iimodyuli zeeseli zelanga zinempawu yokuba i-voltage iyancipha njengoko inyuka ngoku, kukho indawo efanelekileyo yokusebenza enokufumana amandla aphezulu. Ubunzulu bemitha yelanga buyatshintsha, kwaye ngokucacileyo eyona ndawo ilungileyo yokusebenza iyatshintsha. Ngokuhambelana nolu tshintsho, indawo yokusebenza yemodyuli yeseli yelanga ihlala igcinwe kwindawo ephezulu yamandla, kwaye inkqubo ihlala ifumana amandla aphezulu ombane kwimodyuli yeseli yelanga. Olu hlobo lolawulo lolona lawulo lokulandelela amandla aphezulu. Olona phawu lukhulu lwee-inverters ezisetyenziswa kwiisistim zokuvelisa amandla elanga kukuba zibandakanya ukulandelela indawo yamandla obuninzi (MPPT) umsebenzi.

uhlobo

Ukuhlelwa komda wesicelo

(1) I-inverter eqhelekileyo

I-DC 12V okanye i-24V igalelo, i-AC 220V, i-50Hz imveliso, amandla ukusuka kwi-75W ukuya kwi-5000W, ezinye iimodeli zine-AC kunye ne-DC yokuguqulwa, oko kukuthi, umsebenzi we-UPS.

(2) Inverter / itshaja yonke-in-one umatshini

Kulo hlobo lwe-inverter, abasebenzisi bangasebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zamandla ukunika amandla imithwalo ye-AC: xa kukho amandla e-AC, amandla e-AC asetyenziselwa ukunika amandla umthwalo nge-inverter, okanye ukuhlawula ibhetri; xa kungekho mandla e-AC, ibhetri isetyenziselwa ukunika amandla umthwalo we-AC. . Ingasetyenziswa ngokubambisana nemithombo eyahlukeneyo yamandla: iibhetri, iijeneretha, iipaneli zelanga kunye nee turbines zomoya.

(3) I-inverter ekhethekileyo yeposi kunye nezonxibelelwano

Ukubonelela ngee-inverters ze-48V ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwiinkonzo zeposi kunye nezonxibelelwano. Iimveliso zisemgangathweni olungileyo, ukuthembeka okuphezulu, imodyuli (imodyuli yi-1KW) inverters, kwaye inomsebenzi we-N + 1 wokuphindaphinda kwaye unokwandiswa (amandla ukusuka kwi-2KW ukuya kwi-20KW). ).

(4) I-inverter ekhethekileyo yeenqwelomoya kunye nomkhosi

Olu hlobo lwe-inverter lunegalelo le-28Vdc kwaye lunokubonelela ngeziphumo ezilandelayo ze-AC: 26Vac, 115Vac, 230Vac. I-frequency yayo yokuphuma ingaba: 50Hz, 60Hz kunye ne-400Hz, kunye ne-output power ranges ukusuka kwi-30VA ukuya kwi-3500VA. Kukwakho nabaguquli be-DC-DC kunye nabaguquli befrikhwensi abazinikele kuphapho.

Ulwahlulo lwemveliso yamaza

(1) Isikwere sokuguqula amaza

Imveliso ye-wave wave ye-AC yi-square wave inverter yi-square wave. Iisekethe ze-inverter ezisetyenziswe ngolu hlobo lwe-inverter azifani ncam, kodwa into eqhelekileyo kukuba isiphaluka silula kwaye inani leetyhubhu zokutshintsha amandla ezisetyenzisiweyo zincinci. Amandla oyilo ngokubanzi aphakathi kwekhulu leewatts kunye nekilowatt enye. Izibonelelo ze-square wave inverter zezi: isekethe elula, ixabiso elincinci kunye nokugcinwa lula. Ukungalungi kukuba i-square wave voltage iqulethe inani elikhulu le-harmonics ye-high-order, eya kuvelisa ilahleko eyongezelelweyo kwimpahla yomthwalo kunye ne-inductors ye-iron core okanye i-transformers, ebangela ukuphazamiseka kwiirediyo kunye nezinye izixhobo zonxibelelwano. Ukongeza, olu hlobo lwe-inverter luneziphene ezinjengoluhlu olungonelanga lolawulo lwamandla ombane, umsebenzi ongaphelelanga wokukhusela, kunye nengxolo ephezulu.

(2) Inyathelo lamaza inverter

Imveliso ye-AC yombane wombane ngolu hlobo lwe-inverter linyathelo lamaza. Mininzi imigca eyahluka-hlukeneyo yokuba isiguquli-guquli siqonde inyathelo lokuphuma kwamaza, kwaye nenani lamanyathelo kwimo yokuvelisa liyahluka kakhulu. Inzuzo yenyathelo lokuguqula inyathelo kukuba i-waveform yemveliso iphuculwe kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa ne-square wave, kwaye umxholo ophezulu we-harmonic uyancitshiswa. Xa amanyathelo afikelela ngaphezu kwe-17, i-wave waveform ephumayo inokufezekisa i-quasi-sinusoidal wave. Xa kusetyenziswa i-transformerless output, ukusebenza kakuhle kuphezulu kakhulu. Ububi kukuba i-ladder wave superposition circuit isebenzisa iityhubhu ezininzi zokutshintsha amandla, kwaye ezinye iifom zesekethe zifuna iiseti ezininzi zamagalelo ombane weDC. Oku kuzisa ingxaki ekudityanisweni kwamaqela kunye neengcingo zeeseli zelanga kunye nokutshaja okulinganayo kweebhetri. Ukongeza, i-voltage ye-staircase wave isenokuphazamiseka kokujikeleza okuphezulu koonomathotholo kunye nezinye izixhobo zonxibelelwano.

I-Sine wave inverter

Imveliso ye-AC voltage waveform yi-sine wave inverter yi-sine wave. Izibonelelo ze-sine wave inverter kukuba ine-wave wave ephumayo elungileyo, ukugqwetheka okuphantsi kakhulu, ukuphazamiseka okuncinci koonomathotholo kunye nezixhobo, kunye nengxolo ephantsi. Ukongezelela, inemisebenzi epheleleyo yokukhusela kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu okuphezulu. Ukungalungi zezi: isekethe inzima, ifuna iteknoloji yokugcina, kwaye iyabiza.

Ukwahlula kwezi ntlobo zintathu zingentla ze-inverters luncedo kubaqulunqi kunye nabasebenzisi beenkqubo ze-photovoltaic kunye neenkqubo zamandla omoya ukuchonga kunye nokukhetha i-inverters. Ngapha koko, ii-inverters ezine-waveform efanayo zisenomohluko omkhulu kwimigaqo yesekethe, izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo, iindlela zokulawula, njl.

Ezinye iindlela zokuhlela

1. Ngokwe-frequency yemveliso ye-AC amandla, inokwahlulwa ibe yi-inverter yamandla ombane, i-medium frequency inverter kunye ne-high frequency inverter. Ubuninzi be-frequency inverter yamandla yi-50 ukuya kwi-60Hz; I-frequency ye-medium frequency inverter idla ngokuba yi-400Hz ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-kHz ezilishumi; Ubuninzi be-inverter ephezulu ye-frequency ngokubanzi ingaphezulu kweshumi kHz ukuya kwi-MHz.

2. Ngokwenani lezigaba eziveliswa yi-inverter, inokwahlulwa ibe yi-single-phase inverter, inverter yesigaba sesithathu kunye ne-multi-phase inverter.

3. Ngokwendawo ekuyiwa kuyo amandla emveliso ye-inverter, inokwahlulwa ibe yi-inverter esebenzayo kunye ne-passive inverter. Nayiphi na i-inverter ehambisa imveliso yamandla ombane nge-inverter kwigridi yamandla oshishino ibizwa ngokuba yi-inverter esebenzayo; Nasiphi na isiguquli esithutha amandla ombane sisiguquli kumthwalo othile wombane sibizwa ngokuba sisiguquli sombane. isixhobo.

4. Ngokwefom ye-inverter main circuit, inokwahlulwa ibe yi-inverter ene-single-end, i-push-pull inverter, i-half-bridge inverter kunye ne-full-bridge inverter.

5. Ngokohlobo lwesixhobo esiphambili sokutshintsha i-inverter, sinokuhlulwa sibe yi-thyristor inverter, i-transistor inverter, inverter ye-field effect kunye ne-insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) inverter. Inokwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amabini: "i-semi-controlled" inverter kunye ne-inverter "elawulwa ngokupheleleyo". Eyangaphambili ayinakho ukukwazi ukucima, kwaye icandelo lilahlekelwa ngumsebenzi walo wokulawula emva kokuba livuliwe, ngoko kuthiwa "i-semi-controlled" kunye ne-thyristors eqhelekileyo iwela kolu didi; lo mva unamandla okuzicima, oko kukuthi, akukho sixhobo Ukuvula kunye nokucima kunokulawulwa yi-electrode yokulawula, ngoko kuthiwa "uhlobo olulawulwa ngokupheleleyo". I-Power field effect transistors kunye ne-insulated gate bi-power transistors (IGBT) zonke zikolu didi.

6. Ngokwe-DC power supply, inokwahlulwa ibe yi-voltage source inverter (VSI) kunye ne-inverter source yangoku (CSI). Ngaphambili, i-voltage ye-DC iphantse yangaguquguquki, kwaye i-voltage ephumayo yi-alternating square wave; kweyokugqibela, i-DC yangoku iphantse yatshintsha, kwaye imveliso yangoku yi-alternating square wave.

7. Ngokwendlela yokulawula i-inverter, inokwahlulwa ibe yi-frequency modulation (PFM) inverter kunye ne-pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter.

8. Ngokwendlela yokusebenza ye-inverter switching circuit, inokwahlulwa ibe yi-resonant inverter, i-fixed frequency hard switching inverter kunye ne-fixed frequency soft switching inverter.

9. Ngokwendlela yokuguqula i-inverter, inokwahlulwa ibe yi-inverter yokulayisha kunye ne-self-commutated inverter.

Imilinganiselo yokusebenza:

Kukho iiparamitha ezininzi kunye neemeko zobugcisa ezichaza ukusebenza kwe-inverter. Apha sinika kuphela ingcaciso emfutshane yeeparitha zobugcisa ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo xa kuhlolwa ii-inverters.

1. Iimeko zokusingqongileyo zokusetyenziswa kwe-inverter. Iimeko eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa kwe-inverter: ukuphakama akudluli i-1000m, kwaye ukushisa komoya ngu-0 ~ + 40 ℃.

2. Iimeko zobonelelo lwamandla ombane we-DC, igalelo loluhlu lokuguquguquka kwamandla ombane we-DC: ± 15% yexabiso lombane elilinganisiweyo lepakethi yebhetri.

3. I-voltage ye-output elinganisiweyo, ngaphakathi koluhlu oluchaziweyo lokuguquguquka oluvumelekileyo lwegalelo lombane we-DC, imele ixabiso lombane elilinganisiweyo ekufuneka i-inverter ikwazi ukulikhupha. Ukuchaneka okuzinzileyo kwexabiso levoltheji yesiphumo esilinganiselweyo ngokubanzi kunamalungiselelo alandelayo:

(1) Ngexesha lokusebenza kozinzo, uluhlu lokuguquguquka kwamandla ombane kufuneka luncitshiswe, umzekelo, ukutenxa kwawo akufanele kudlule ± 3% okanye ± 5% yexabiso elilinganisiweyo.

(2) Kwiimeko eziguquguqukayo apho umthwalo uguquka ngokukhawuleza okanye uchatshazelwa zezinye izinto zokuphazamiseka, ukutenxa kombane ophumayo akufanele kudlule i-± 8% okanye ± 10% yexabiso elilinganisiweyo.

4. Ukulinganiswa kwe-frequency output, i-frequency ye-inverter output AC voltage kufuneka ibe yixabiso elizinzile, ngokuqhelekileyo i-frequency yamandla ye-50Hz. Utenxa kufuneka ube ngaphakathi ±1% phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza.

5. I-rerated output current (okanye i-rerated output capacity) ibonisa umlinganiselo wemveliso yangoku ye-inverter ngaphakathi koluhlu oluchaziweyo lwamandla ombane. Ezinye iimveliso ze-inverter zinika umthamo wemveliso olinganisiweyo, ochazwe kwi-VA okanye kwi-kVA. Umthamo olinganisiweyo we-inverter kuxa imveliso yamandla ephumayo i-1 (oko kukuthi, umthwalo ochasayo), i-voltage ye-output elinganisiweyo yimveliso yesiphumo esilinganisiweyo sangoku.

6. Isiphumo sokusebenza kakuhle. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-inverter ngumlinganiselo wamandla aphumayo kumandla okufakelwa phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezichaziweyo, ezichazwe kwi%. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-inverter kumthamo wokuphuma okulinganisiweyo kukusebenza komthwalo opheleleyo, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kwi-10% yomthamo olinganisiweyo wokuphuma kumthamo ophantsi womthwalo.

7. Umxholo ophezulu we-harmonic we-inverter. Kwi-sine wave inverter, phantsi komthwalo ochasayo, umxholo ophezulu we-harmonic we-voltage ephumayo kufuneka ube ngu-≤10%.

8. Umthamo ogqithisiweyo we-inverter ubhekisela kwikhono le-inverter ukuvelisa ngaphezu kwexabiso elilinganisiweyo langoku kwixesha elifutshane phantsi kweemeko ezichaziweyo. Umthamo ogqithisiweyo we-inverter kufuneka uhlangabezane neemfuno ezithile phantsi komthwalo ochaziweyo wamandla.

9. Ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-inverter ngumlinganiselo we-inverter yemveliso yamandla asebenzayo kwigalelo lamandla asebenzayo (okanye amandla e-DC) phantsi kwe-voltage ye-output elinganisiweyo, i-output current kunye ne-high load factor factor.

10. Umthwalo wamandla omthwalo ubonisa ukukwazi kwe-inverter ukuthwala imithwalo ye-inductive okanye i-capacitive. Ngaphantsi kweemeko zamaza e-sine, amandla omthwalo we-0.7 ~ 0.9 (i-lag), kwaye ixabiso elilinganisiweyo yi-0.9.

11. Layisha i-asymmetry. Ngaphantsi kwe-10% yomthwalo we-asymmetric, i-asymmetry ye-voltage ephumayo ye-fixed-frequency inverter yesigaba sesithathu kufuneka ibe ≤10%.

12. Ukungalingani kwamandla ombane. Ngaphantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza, ukungalingani kombane wesigaba sesithathu (umlinganiselo wecandelo lokulandelelana kwe-reverse ukuya kwi-positive sequence component) imveliso yi-inverter akufanele idlule ixabiso elichaziweyo, elichazwe ngokubanzi kwi-%, njenge-5% okanye i-8%.

13. Iimpawu zokuqala: Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza, i-inverter kufuneka ikwazi ukuqala ngokuqhelekileyo ngamaxesha angama-5 ngokulandelelana phantsi komthwalo ogcweleyo kunye neemeko zokusebenza ezingenayo.

14. Imisebenzi yokukhusela, i-inverter kufuneka imiselwe: ukukhuselwa kwesiphaluka esifutshane, ukukhuselwa kwe-overcurrent, ukukhuselwa kwe-overtemperature, ukukhuselwa kwe-overvoltage, ukukhuselwa kwe-undervoltage kunye nokukhuselwa kokulahleka kwesigaba. Phakathi kwazo, ukukhuselwa kwe-overvoltage kuthetha ukuba kwii-inverters ngaphandle kwamanyathelo okuzinzisa i-voltage, kufuneka kubekho imilinganiselo yokukhusela i-overvoltage yokukhusela i-terminal engafanelekanga kumonakalo ngokuphuma kwe-voltage. Ukukhuselwa kwe-Overcurrent kubhekiselele ekukhuselweni kwe-overcurrent ye-inverter, ekufuneka ikwazi ukuqinisekisa isenzo esifike ngexesha xa umthwalo ujikeleza ngokukhawuleza okanye umbane udlula ixabiso elivumelekileyo ukukhusela emonakalweni ngokunyuka kwangoku.

15. Ukuphazamiseka kunye nokuchasana nokuphazamiseka, i-inverter kufuneka ikwazi ukumelana nokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic kwindawo eqhelekileyo phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokusebenza eziqhelekileyo. Ukusebenza kwe-anti-interference kunye nokuhambelana kwe-electromagnetic ye-inverter kufuneka ihambelane nemigangatho efanelekileyo.

16. Ii-inverters ezingasetyenziswa rhoqo, zibekwe esweni kwaye zigcinwe kufuneka zibe ≤95db; ii-inverters ezisebenza rhoqo, zibekwe esweni kwaye zigcinwe kufuneka zibe ≤80db.

17. Bonisa, i-inverter kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngokuboniswa kwedatha yeeparamitha ezifana ne-AC ye-voltage ye-voltage, i-output current kunye ne-frequency output, kunye nomboniso wesignali we-input ephilayo, amandla kunye nesimo sephutha.

18. Umsebenzi wonxibelelwano. Umsebenzi wonxibelelwano olude uvumela abasebenzisi ukuba bajonge imeko yokusebenza komatshini kunye nedatha egciniweyo ngaphandle kokuya kwindawo.

19. Ukuguqulwa kwe-waveform ye-voltage ephumayo. Xa i-voltage ephumayo ye-inverter i-sinusoidal, ubuninzi obuvumelekileyo bokuguqulwa kwe-waveform (okanye umxholo we-harmonic) kufuneka ucaciswe. Ngokuqhelekileyo ibonakaliswe njengokuphazamiseka kwe-waveform ye-voltage ephumayo, ixabiso layo akufanele lidlule i-5% (i-10% ivumelekile kwimveliso yesigaba esisodwa).

20. Iimpawu zokuqala, ezibonisa amandla e-inverter ukuqala ngomthwalo kunye nokusebenza kwayo ngexesha lokusebenza okuguquguqukayo. I-inverter kufuneka iqinisekise ukuqala okuthembekileyo phantsi komthwalo olinganisiweyo.

21. Ingxolo. Iziguquli, ii-inductors zokucoca, izitshixo ze-electromagnetic, iifeni kunye nezinye izinto kwizixhobo zombane zombane zonke zivelisa ingxolo. Xa i-inverter isebenza ngokuqhelekileyo, ingxolo yayo akufanele idlule i-80dB, kwaye ingxolo ye-inverter encinci ayifanele idlule i-65dB.

Iimpawu zebhetri:

Ibhetri yePV

Ukuphuhlisa inkqubo ye-inverter yelanga, kubalulekile ukuqonda kuqala iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zeeseli zelanga (iiseli ze-PV). I-Rp kunye ne-Rs zizixhaso ze-parasitic, ezingenasiphelo kunye no-zero ngokulandelelanayo phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo.

Ukukhanya okukhanyayo kunye nokushisa kunokuchaphazela kakhulu iimpawu zokusebenza zeeseli ze-PV. Ikhoyo ngoku ilingana nokukhanya kokukhanya, kodwa utshintsho ekukhanyeni lunempembelelo encinci kumbane osebenzayo. Nangona kunjalo, i-voltage yokusebenza ichaphazeleka bubushushu. Ukonyuka kobushushu bebhetri kunciphisa amandla ombane osebenzayo kodwa kunempembelelo encinci kumbane owenziweyo. Umfanekiso ongezantsi ubonisa imiphumo yokushisa kunye nokukhanya kwiimodyuli ze-PV.

Utshintsho kumandla okukhanya lunempembelelo enkulu kumandla aphumayo ebhetri kunokutshintsha kobushushu. Oku kuyinyani kuzo zonke izixhobo zePV ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo. Isiphumo esibalulekileyo sokudityaniswa kwezi ziphumo zimbini kukuba amandla eseli ye-PV ayancipha ngokuncipha kokukhanya kunye / okanye ukwanda kobushushu.

Eyona ndawo yamandla (MPP)

Iiseli zelanga zinokusebenza kuluhlu olubanzi lwee-voltages kunye nemisinga. I-MPP inqunywe ngokuqhubekayo ngokunyusa umthwalo ochasayo kwiseli ekhanyisiweyo ukusuka kwi-zero (isiganeko esifutshane sesekethe) ukuya kwixabiso eliphezulu kakhulu (isiganeko sesekethe esivulekileyo). I-MPP yindawo yokusebenza apho i-V x I ifikelela kwixabiso layo eliphezulu kwaye kobu bukhulu bokukhanya Amandla aphezulu anokuphunyezwa. Amandla emveliso xa isiphaluka esifutshane (i-PV yombane ilingana no-zero) okanye isiphaluka esivulekileyo (i-PV yangoku ilingana ne-zero) isiganeko senzeke ngu-zero.

Iiseli zelanga ze-silicon ezikumgangatho ophezulu we-monocrystalline zivelisa i-voltage yesiphaluka evulekileyo ye-0.60 volts kwiqondo lokushisa lama-25 ° C. Ngokukhanya kwelanga kunye nobushushu bomoya obuyi-25 ° C, ubushushu beseli enikeziweyo bunokuba busondele kwi-45 ° C, eya kunciphisa i-voltage yesiphaluka evulekileyo malunga ne-0.55V. Njengoko iqondo lokushisa lisanda, i-voltage yesiphaluka evulekileyo iyaqhubeka iyancipha kuze kube yi-PV Module yesiphaluka esifutshane.

Amandla aphezulu kwiqondo lobushushu bebhetri ye-45 ° C ngokuqhelekileyo iveliswa kwi-80% yombane ovulekileyo wesiphaluka kunye ne-90% yesekethe emfutshane yangoku. I-short-circuit current yebhetri iphantse ilingane nokukhanya, kwaye i-voltage evulekileyo yesiphaluka inokunciphisa kuphela i-10% xa ukukhanya kuncitshiswa ngama-80%. Iibhetri ezikumgangatho ophantsi ziya kunciphisa amandla ombane ngokukhawuleza xa ukunyuka kwangoku kunyuka, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa amandla akhoyo. Imveliso yehle ukusuka kwi-70% ukuya kwi-50%, okanye i-25% kuphela.

I-microinverter yelanga kufuneka iqinisekise ukuba iimodyuli ze-PV zisebenza kwi-MPP nangaliphi na ixesha ukwenzela ukuba amandla amaninzi afumaneke kwiimodyuli ze-PV. Oku kunokufezekiswa kusetyenziswa eyona ndawo iphezulu yolawulo lwamandla, ekwaziwa ngokuba yiMaximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT). Ukufezekisa umlinganiselo ophezulu wokulandelwa kwe-MPP kufuna kwakhona ukuba i-PV output voltage ripple incinci ngokwaneleyo ukuze i-PV yangoku ingatshintshi kakhulu xa isebenza kufuphi nendawo ephezulu yamandla.

Uluhlu lwe-MPP lwe-voltage yeemodyuli ze-PV ngokuqhelekileyo lunokuchazwa kuluhlu lwe-25V ukuya kwi-45V, kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla malunga ne-250W kunye ne-voltage yesiphaluka evulekileyo ngaphantsi kwe-50V.

Ukusetyenziswa kunye nokugcinwa:

sebenzisa

1. Xhuma kwaye ufake izixhobo ngokungqongqo ngokuhambelana neemfuno ze-inverter yokusebenza kunye nemiyalelo yokugcinwa. Ngethuba lokufakela, kufuneka uhlolisise ngenyameko: ingaba ububanzi bocingo buhlangabezana neemfuno; ukuba amacandelo kunye neetheminali zikhululekile ngexesha lokuthutha; ingaba iindawo ezigqunyiweyo zigqunywe kakuhle; nokuba isiseko senkqubo siyahlangabezana nemimiselo.

2. I-inverter kufuneka iqhutywe kwaye isetyenziswe ngokungqongqo ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo yokusetyenziswa kunye nokugcinwa. Ngokukodwa: ngaphambi kokuguqula umatshini, qaphela ukuba ingaba igalelo lombane liqhelekileyo; ngexesha lokusebenza, qaphela ukuba ngaba ukulandelelana kokuvula kunye nokucima umatshini kuchanekile, kwaye ingaba izibonakaliso zemitha nganye kunye nokukhanya kwesalathisi ziqhelekileyo.

3. Ii-inverters ngokuqhelekileyo zikhusela ngokuzenzekelayo ukuphulwa kwesekethe, i-overcurrent, overvoltage, overheating kunye nezinye izinto, ngoko xa ezi ziganeko zenzeka, akukho mfuneko yokuvala ngesandla; amanqaku okukhusela okukhusela ngokuzenzekelayo abekwe ngokubanzi kwifektri, kwaye akukho mfuneko yoLungiso kwakhona.

4. Kukho i-voltage ephezulu kwikhabhinethi ye-inverter. Abaqhubi abavumelekanga ngokubanzi ukuba bavule umnyango wekhabhinethi, kwaye umnyango wekhabhinethi kufuneka utshixiwe ngamaxesha aqhelekileyo.

5. Xa ukushisa kwegumbi kudlula i-30 ° C, ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu kunye namanyathelo okupholisa kufuneka kuthathwe ukuthintela ukungaphumeleli kwezixhobo kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yezixhobo.

Ukugcinwa kunye nokuhlolwa

1. Khangela rhoqo ukuba i-wiring yecandelo ngalinye le-inverter iqinile kwaye ingaba kukho ukukhululeka. Ngokukodwa, i-fan, imodyuli yamandla, i-terminal yokufaka, i-terminal ephumayo kunye nokubekwa phantsi kufuneka kuhlolwe ngononophelo.

2. Emva kokuba i-alamu ivaliwe, ayivumelekanga ukuba iqalise ngokukhawuleza. Unobangela kufuneka kufunyanwe kwaye kulungiswe phambi kokuba kuqaliswe. Ukuhlolwa kufuneka kuqhutywe ngokungqongqo ngokuhambelana namanyathelo achazwe kwi-inverter manual manual.

3. Abanini-zithuthi mabafumane uqeqesho olukhethekileyo kwaye babe nako ukumisela izizathu zeempazamo ngokubanzi baze baziphelise, ezinjengokutshintsha ngobuchule iifuse, iikhomponenti kunye neebhodi zeesekethe ezonakeleyo. Abasebenzi abangaqeqeshwanga abavumelekanga ukuba basebenzise izixhobo.

4. Ukuba kwenzeka ingozi ekunzima ukuyiphelisa okanye unobangela wengozi awucacanga, iirekhodi ezineenkcukacha zengozi kufuneka zigcinwe kwaye umenzi we-inverter kufuneka aziswe ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuze kulungiswe.