Masero ezuva anoshanda sei

Solar masero tora chiedza chezuva kugadzira mabasa emabhatiriwo zvawo. Asi kusiyana nemabhatiri echinyakare, magetsi ekubuda uye simba repamusoro rekubuda kwemabhatiri echinyakare akagadziriswa, nepo kubuda kwemagetsi, ikozvino, uye simba remasero ezuva zvine hukama nemamiriro ekuvhenekesa uye kurodha nzvimbo dzekushandisa. Nekuda kweizvi, kushandisa maseru ezuva kugadzira magetsi, iwe unofanirwa kunzwisisa ikozvino-voltage hukama uye nheyo yekushanda yemasero ezuva.

Kupenya kwechiedza chezuva:

Simba rinobva kumasero ezuva chiedza chezuva, saka kusimba uye kuwanda kwechiitiko chezuva chinotarisa iko zvino uye voltage inobuda nesolar cell. Tinoziva kuti kana chinhu chikaiswa pasi pezuva, chinogamuchira chiedza chezuva nenzira mbiri, imwe chiedza chezuva, uye chimwe chinenge chiri chiedza chezuva chinopararira mushure mekuparadzirwa nezvimwe zvinhu pamusoro. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa, chiedza chechiitiko chakananga chinotora chikamu che80% chechiedza chinogamuchirwa nesero rezuva. Naizvozvo, kurukurirano yedu inotevera ichanangidzirawo pakuratidzirwa kwakananga kuchiedza chezuva.

Kusimba uye kuwanda kwechiedza chezuva chinogona kuratidzwa ne spectrum irradiance, inova simba rechiedza payuniti wavelength pachikamu cheyuniti (W/㎡um). Kusimba kwechiedza chezuva (W/㎡) ndiwo huwandu hwese wavelengths yekuvhenekera kwe spectrum. Kupenya kwechiedza chezuva kunoenderana nenzvimbo yakayerwa uye kona yezuva maererano nepamusoro penyika. Izvi imhaka yokuti chiedza chezuva chichatorwa ndokuparadzirwa nemhepo yakapoteredza pasi chisati chasvika pamusoro penyika. Izvo zvinhu zviviri zvechinzvimbo uye kona zvinowanzomiririrwa neinonzi air mass (AM). Pakuvheneka kwezuva, AMO inoreva mamiriro ari muchadenga kana zuva richipenya. Kupenya kwayo kunosvika 1353 W/㎡, iyo inenge yakaenzana nemwenje sosi inogadzirwa nemwaranzi yeblackbody ine tembiricha ye5800K. AMI inoreva mamiriro ari pamusoro penyika, kana zuva richipenya zvakananga, kusimba kwechiedza kunosvika 925 W/m2. AMI.5 inoreva mamiriro ari pamusoro penyika, kana zuva richiitika pakona ye 45 degrees, chiedza chechiedza chinenge 844 W/m2. AM 1.5 inowanzo shandiswa kumiririra kupenya kweavhareji yechiedza chezuva pamusoro penyika. Solar cell circuit modhi:

Kana pasina chiedza, sero rezuva rinoita sepn junction diode. Ikozvino-voltage hukama hweiyo diode yakanaka inogona kuratidzwa se

Kwandinomiririra ikozvino, V inomiririra voltage, Is is saturation current, uye VT=KBT/q0, apo KB inomiririra BoItzmann nguva dzose, q0 ndiyo unit yemagetsi charge, uye T ndiyo tembiricha. Pane tembiricha yemumba, VT=0.026v. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kutungamira kwePn diode ikozvino inotsanangurwa kuyerera kubva kuP-mhando kuenda kun-mhando mumudziyo, uye iyo yakanaka uye yakaipa kukosha kweiyo voltage inotsanangurwa seP-mhando terminal inogona. bvisa iyo n-mhando terminal inogona. Nokudaro, kana tsanangudzo iyi inoteverwa, kana sero rezuva riri kushanda, kukosha kwayo kwevheji yakanaka, kukosha kwayo ikozvino kwakashata, uye IV curve iri muchina quadrant. Vaverengi vanofanira kuyeuchidzwa pano kuti iyo inonzi yakanaka diode inobva pane zvakawanda zvemuviri mamiriro ezvinhu, uye diode chaiyo inenge iine zvimwe zvisingabatsiri zvinokanganisa hukama hwemazuva ano-voltage yemudziyo, zvakadai sechizvarwa-recombination ikozvino, pano Tichakunda ' t kukurukura zvakawanda. Kana sero rezuva richivhenekerwa nechiedza, pachava nephotocurrent mu pn diode. Nekuti iyo yakavakirwa-mukati yemagetsi munda kutungamira kweiyo pn junction iri kubva kun-mhando kuenda kup-mhando, iwo ma electron-gomba mapeya anogadzirwa nekutorwa kwemafotoni anomhanya akananga ku-n-mhando kumagumo, uku maburi achimhanya akananga p. -type kupera. Iyo photocurrent inoumbwa nevaviri inoyerera kubva ku-n-mhando kusvika p-mhando. Kazhinji, kumberi kwezvino kutungamira kwe diode kunotsanangurwa sekuyerera kubva p-mhando kusvika n-mhando. Nenzira iyi, kana ichienzaniswa neakanaka diode, iyo photocurrent inogadzirwa nesero rezuva kana yakavhenekerwa ndeye yakaipa ikozvino. Ikozvino-voltage hukama hwe solar cell ndiyo yakanakira diode pamwe neiyo negative photocurrent IL, ine ukuru:

Mune mamwe mazwi, kana pasina mwenje, IL = 0, solar cell ingori yakajairika diode. Kana solar cell ipfupi-inotenderera, kureva, V = 0, iyo pfupi-yedunhu ikozvino Isc = -IL. Kureva kuti, kana solar cell ipfupi-yakatenderedzwa, pfupi-circuit ikozvino ndiyo photocurrent inogadzirwa nechiitiko chiedza. Kana solar sero rakavhurika redunhu, kureva, kana I = 0, yakavhurika yedunhu voltage ndeye:

Mufananidzo 2. Yakaenzana dunhu re solar cell: (a) pasina, (b) ine dzakatevedzana uye shunt resistors. Zvinofanira kusimbiswa pano kuti rakavhurika redunhu voltage uye pfupi dunhu ikozvino maviri akakosha paramita e solar cell maitiro.

Simba rekubuda kwesero rezuva ndicho chigadzirwa chezvino uye voltage:

Zviri pachena, simba rinobuda nesero rezuva harina kukosha. Iyo inosvika pakukosha kwepamusoro pane imwe ikozvino-voltage inoshanda nzvimbo, uye iyo yakanyanya kubuda simba Pmax inogona kutsanangurwa ne dp/dv=0. Isu tinogona kufungidzira kuti iyo inobuda voltage pane yakanyanya kubuda simba Pmax ndeye:

uye zvinobudapo ndezvi:

Iyo yakanyanya kubuda simba resolar cell ndeye:

Kushanda kwesero rezuva kunoreva chiyero chesolar cell inoshandura Pini yesimba rechiitiko mwenje mune yakanyanya kubuda simba remagetsi, kureva:

Zviyero zvesolar zvinoshanda zvinoshandisa chiedza chakafanana nechiedza chezuva chine pini=1000W/㎡.

Nezvekuedza, hukama hwemazuva ano-voltage yemasero ezuva hahuteveri zvizere tsananguro yedzidziso. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti iyo photovoltaic mudziyo pachayo ine inonzi inoteedzana kuramba uye shunt kuramba. Kune chero semiconductor zvinhu, kana kusangana pakati pe semiconductor nesimbi, pane zvisingadzivisiki pachava nehukuru kana kushoma kushorwa, izvo zvinogadzira mutsara wekushongedzwa kweiyo photovoltaic mudziyo. Kune rumwe rutivi, chero nzira yemazuva ano kunze kwePn diode yakanaka pakati pezvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka electrodes ye photovoltaic device ichakonzera iyo inonzi leakage current, yakadai sechizvarwa-recombination ikozvino muchigadzirwa. , pamusoro recombination ikozvino, isina kukwana mupendero kuparadzaniswa kwemudziyo, uye simbi inobata penetration junction.

Kazhinji, isu tinoshandisa shunt kuramba kutsanangura kudonha ikozvino kwemasero ezuva, kureva, Rsh = V / Ileak. Iyo yakakura iyo shunt kuramba ndeye, idiki iyo inodonha ikozvino ndiyo. Kana tikafunga nezvekubatana kwekupokana Rs uye shunt kuramba Rsh, hukama hwazvino-voltage yesolar cell inogona kunyorwa se:

Isu tinogona zvakare kushandisa imwe chete parameter, iyo inonzi yekuzadza chinhu, kupfupisa zvese mhedzisiro yekutevedzana kuramba uye shunt kuramba. zvinotsanangurwa se:

Zviripachena kuti iyo yekuzadza chinhu yakanyanya kana pasina akateedzana resistor uye shunt kuramba haina magumo (hapana kuvuza ikozvino). Chero kuwedzera kweakateedzana kuramba kana kuderera kweshunt kuramba kunoderedza iyo yekuzadza chinhu. Nenzira iyi,. Kushanda kwemaseru ezuva kunogona kuratidzwa nematanho matatu akakosha: yakavhurika yedunhu voltage Voc, pfupi dunhu ikozvino Isc, uye kuzadza chinhu FF.

Zviripachena, kuti uvandudze kushanda kwesero rezuva, zvinodikanwa kuti panguva imwe chete uwedzere yakavhurika yedunhu voltage, pfupi dunhu ikozvino (kureva, photocurrent), uye kuzadza chinhu (kureva, kuderedza nhevedzano kuramba uye kuvuza ikozvino).

Vhura redunhu voltage uye pfupi redunhu ikozvino: Tichitarisa kubva kune yakapfuura formula, iyo yakavhurika yedunhu voltage yesolar cell inotarwa neiyo photocurrent uye saturated cell. Kubva pamaonero esemiconductor fizikisi, mhepo yakavhurika yedunhu yakaenzana nemusiyano wesimba reFermi pakati pemaerekitironi nemaburi munzvimbo yekuchajisa nzvimbo. Kana iri saturation ikozvino yeakanaka Pn diode, unogona kushandisa:

kutaura. apo q0 inomiririra iyo unit charge, ni inomiririra intrinsic carrier concentration yesemiconductor, ND uye NA imwe neimwe inomiririra kuungana kweanopa nemugamuchiri, Dn neDp imwe neimwe inomiririra kupararira coefficient yemaerekitironi nemakomba, kutaura kuri pamusoro apa kuri kufungidzira n. - Mhosva iyo iyo yese mhando dunhu uye p-mhando dunhu zvese zvakafara. Kazhinji, kune maseru ezuva anoshandisa p-mhando substrates, iyo n-mhando nzvimbo haina kudzika, uye kutaura kuri pamusoro kunoda kugadziridzwa.

Takambotaura kuti kana sero yezuva yakavhenekerwa, photocurrent inogadzirwa, uye photocurrent ndiyo yakavharwa-yekutenderera ikozvino muhukama huripo-voltage yesolar cell. Pano tichatsanangura muchidimbu kwakabva photocurrent. Chiyero chechizvarwa chevatakuri muhuwandu hweyuniti panguva yeyuniti (unit m -3 s -1) inotarwa neiyo mwenje yekunyudza coefficient, iyo

Pakati pazvo, α inomiririra mwenje wekutora coefficient, inova kusimba kwechiitiko mafotoni (kana photon flux density), uye R inoreva kuratidziro coefficient, saka inomiririra kusimba kwechiitiko mafotoni asina kuratidzwa. Matanho matatu makuru anogadzira mafotocurrent ndeaya: kupararira kwemagetsi ekutakura maerekitironi munzvimbo yep-mhando, kupararira kwemakomba evatakuri vashoma mudunhu ren-mhando, uye kukukurwa kwemaerekitironi nemakomba munzvimbo yekuchaja nzvimbo. current. Naizvozvo, iyo photocurrent inogona kuratidzwa senge:

Pakati pazvo, Ln neLp imwe neimwe inomiririra kureba kwemaerekitironi munzvimbo yep-mhando nemakomba munharaunda yen-mhando, uye ndihwo hupamhi hwenzvimbo yekuchaja nzvimbo. Tichipfupikisa izvi mhedzisiro, tinowana chirevo chakareruka cheyavhurika redunhu voltage:

uko Vrcc inomiririra mwero wekubatanidzwazve kwemaelectron-hole pairi pavhoriyamu yeyuniti. Ehe, iyi mhedzisiro yechisikigo, nekuti iyo yakavhurika yedunhu voltage yakaenzana neiyo Fermi simba mutsauko pakati pemaerekitironi nemakomba munzvimbo yekuchaja dunhu, uye mutsauko weFermi pakati pemaerekitironi nemaburi unotarwa nemutakuri wechizvarwa chiyero uye recombination rate. .