Encyclopedia sumo kune solar inverters

Inverter , iyo inozivikanwawo semagetsi ekugadzirisa uye simba regulator, chikamu chinokosha che photovoltaic system. Basa guru rephotovoltaic inverter nderekushandura magetsi eDC anogadzirwa nemagetsi ezuva kuti ave magetsi eAC anoshandiswa nemidziyo yepamba. Ese magetsi anogadzirwa ne solar panels anofanirwa kugadziriswa neinverter asati abuda kune kunze kwenyika. [1] Kuburikidza neredhiyo yakazara-bhiriji, iyo SPWM processor inowanzo shandiswa kuita modulation, kusefa, voltage boosting, nezvimwewo kuwana sinusoidal AC simba rinoenderana neredhiyo yekuvhenekesa, yakayerwa voltage, nezvimwe kune vashandisi vekupedzisira system. Iine inverter, bhatiri reDC rinogona kushandiswa kupa AC simba kumidziyo.

Nhanganyaya:

Iyo solar AC simba rekugadzira system inoumbwa ne solar panel, charger controller, inverter uye bhatiri; iyo solar DC simba rekugadzira system haisanganisi inverter. Maitiro ekushandura simba re AC kuita simba reDC anodaidzwa kunzi rectification, dunhu rinopedza basa rekugadzirisa rinonzi rectifier circuit, uye mudziyo unoshandisa maitiro ekugadzirisa unonzi gadziriso kana gadziriso. Zvichienderana, maitiro ekushandura DC simba kuita AC simba anonzi inverter, dunhu rinopedzisa inverter basa rinonzi inverter circuit, uye mudziyo unoshandisa inverter process unonzi inverter midziyo kana inverter.

Iyo musimboti weiyo inverter mudziyo ndiyo inverter switch wedunhu, inonzi inverter wedunhu. Iyi seketi inopedzisa inverter basa nekubatidza nekudzima magetsi emagetsi switch. Iko kuchinjika kwemagetsi emagetsi switching zvishandiso kunoda mamwe mapurusi ekutyaira, uye aya mapurusi anogona kugadziridzwa nekuchinja chiratidzo chevoltage. Dunhu rinogadzira uye rinogadzirisa pulses rinowanzonzi control circuit kana control loop. Iyo yakakosha chimiro cheiyo inverter mudziyo inosanganisira, mukuwedzera kune yataurwa pamusoro inverter reketi uye control wedunhu, yekudzivirira yedunhu, inobuda dunhu, yekuisa dunhu, inobuda wedunhu, nezvimwe.

Features:

Nekuda kwekusiyana kwezvivakwa, zvinozotungamira mukusiyana-siyana kwekuisa solar panel. Kuti uwedzere kushandurwa kwesimba rezuva uchifunga nezve kutaridzika kwakanaka kwechivako, izvi zvinoda kusiyanisa kwema inverters edu kuti tiwane nzira yakanakisa yesimba rezuva. Shandura.

Centralized inversion

Centralized inverter inowanzoshandiswa mumasitimu emagetsi makuru emagetsi emagetsi (> 10kW). Mazhinji akafanana photovoltaic tambo dzakabatana kune iyo DC yekupinza yeiyo yakafanana centralized inverter. Kazhinji, matatu-chikamu IGBT simba modules anoshandiswa kune yakakwirira simba. Iwo madiki anoshandisa munda maitiro transistors uye anoshandisa DSP anoshandura ma controller kuvandudza kunaka kwesimba rakagadzirwa kuitira kuti ive pedyo zvakanyanya kune sine wave ikozvino. Chinhu chikuru ndeyesimba repamusoro uye mutengo wakaderera weiyo system. Zvisinei, kushanda uye kukwanisa kwemagetsi ekugadzirwa kweiyo photovoltaic system yose inobatwa nekufananidza kwe photovoltaic tambo uye shading chikamu. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuvimbika kwekugadzirwa kwemagetsi kwese photovoltaic system kunokonzerwa nehutano husina kunaka hwekushanda kweimwe photovoltaic unit boka. Iwo achangoburwa tsvakiridzo madhairekitori iko kushandiswa kwenzvimbo vector modulation control uye kuvandudza kweiyo inverter topology yekubatanidza kuwana hunyanzvi hwepamusoro pasi pemamiriro emutoro. PaSolarMax centralized inverter, photovoltaic array interface box inogona kusungirirwa kuti itarise tambo yega yega photovoltaic sail panels. Kana imwe yetambo isiri kushanda zvakanaka, iyo system ichaita Ruzivo rwunoendeswa kune ari kure controller, uye tambo iyi inogona kumiswa kuburikidza nekudzora kure, kuitira kuti kutadza kweimwe photovoltaic tambo kurege kuderedza kana kukanganisa basa uye kubuda kwesimba. iyo yose photovoltaic system.

Inverter yetambo

String inverters dzave dzinonyanya kufarirwa inverters mumusika wepasirese. Iyo tambo inverter yakavakirwa pane modular pfungwa. Imwe neimwe photovoltaic tambo (1kW-5kW) inopfuura nepakati inverter, ine yakanyanya simba peak yekuteedzera kumagumo eDC, uye yakabatanidzwa mukuenderana kune grid kumagumo eAC. Mazhinji mahombe emagetsi ephotovoltaic anoshandisa tambo inverters. Iyo inobatsira ndeyokuti haisi kukanganiswa nemodule misiyano uye mimvuri pakati pematambo, uye panguva imwechete inoderedza iyo yakakwana yekushandisa point ye photovoltaic modules.

Kusiyana neiyo inverter, nekudaro ichiwedzera kugadzirwa kwemagetsi. Aya mabhenefiti ehunyanzvi haangodzikisi mutengo wesystem, asiwo anowedzera kuvimbika kwehurongwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, pfungwa ye "tenzi-muranda" inotangwa pakati petambo, kuitira kuti kana simba retambo imwe chete muhurongwa husingakwanisi kuita inverter imwe chete, mapoka akawanda e photovoltaic strings anogona kubatanidzwa pamwe chete kubvumira imwe kana vakawanda vavo kushanda. , nokudaro kuburitsa simba rakawanda remagetsi. Pfungwa yazvino ndeyekuti inverters yakati wandei inoumba "timu" nemumwe kutsiva iyo "tenzi-muranda" pfungwa, ichiita kuti sisitimu ivimbike.

Multiple tambo inverter

Multi-string inverter inotora zvakanakira centralized inverter uye tambo inverter, inodzivirira zvipingamupinyi zvavo, uye inogona kuiswa kune photovoltaic magetsi zviteshi zvine akawanda kilowatts. Mune iyo yakawanda-tambo inverter, akasiyana ega ega simba peak tracking uye DC-to-DC converters anosanganisirwa. Iyo DC inoshandurwa kuita AC simba kuburikidza neyakajairika DC-kune-AC inverter uye yakabatana kune grid. Zviyero zvakasiyana-siyana zve photovoltaic strings (eg simba rakasiyana-siyana, nhamba yakasiyana yemamodules pamutsara, vagadziri vakasiyana-siyana vemodules, nezvimwewo), hukuru hwakasiyana kana teknolojia yakasiyana ye photovoltaic modules, maitiro akasiyana-siyana etambo (semuenzaniso: kumabvazuva, kumaodzanyemba uye kumadokero) , akasiyana tilt angles kana shading, inogona kubatanidzwa kune yakajairwa inverter, netambo yega yega inoshanda payakanyanya yavo yepamusoro peak simba. Panguva imwecheteyo, kureba kwetambo yeDC kunoderedzwa, kuderedza mumvuri wekuita pakati pematambo uye kurasikirwa kunokonzerwa nekusiyana pakati petambo.

Chikamu inverter

Iyo module inverter inobatanidza imwe neimwe photovoltaic module kune inverter, uye imwe neimwe module ine yakazvimirira yepamusoro yepamusoro peak tracking, kuitira kuti module uye inverter zvibatane zvirinani. Inowanzo shandiswa mu50W kusvika 400W photovoltaic magetsi zviteshi, kukwana kwese kwakadzikira pane kuya kwetambo inverters. Sezvo dzakabatana dzakafanana padivi re AC, izvi zvinowedzera kuomarara kwewaya padivi re AC uye zvinoita kuti kugadzirisa kunetse. Chimwe chinhu chinoda kugadziriswa ndechekuti ungabatanidza sei kune grid zvakanyanya. Nzira iri nyore ndeyekubatanidza kune gidhi zvakananga kuburikidza neakajairwa AC sockets, izvo zvinogona kuderedza mutengo uye kuisirwa kwemidziyo, asi kazhinji zviyero zvekuchengetedza zvegidhi remagetsi munzvimbo dzakasiyana hazvibvumire. Mukuita izvi, iyo kambani yemagetsi inogona kuramba kubatana kwakananga kwechigadzirwa chekugadzira kune yakajairwa socket yemhuri. Chimwe chinhu chine hukama nekuchengetedza ndechekuti yekuzviparadzanisa transformer (yakakwirira frequency kana yakaderera frequency) inodiwa kana kuti transformerless inverter inobvumidzwa. Iyi inverter inonyanya kushandiswa mugirazi maketeni madziro.

Solar Inverter Kubudirira

Kushanda kwema solar inverters kunoreva musika uri kukura we solar inverters (photovoltaic inverters) nekuda kwekuda kwesimba rinowanikwazve. Uye aya ma inverters anoda zvakanyanya kushanda nesimba uye kuvimbika. Maseketi emagetsi anoshandiswa mune aya inverters anoongororwa uye sarudzo dzakanakisa dzekuchinja uye kugadzirisa zvishandiso zvinokurudzirwa. Iyo yakajairika chimiro chephotovoltaic inverter inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 1. Kune matatu akasiyana inverters kusarudza kubva. Chiedza chezuva chinopenya pane solar modules dzakabatana munhevedzano, uye imwe neimwe module ine seti ye solar cell unit yakabatana munhevedzano. Iyo yakananga ikozvino (DC) voltage inogadzirwa ne solar modules iri pakurongeka kwemazana akati wandei volts, zvichienderana nemwenje mamiriro eiyo module array, tembiricha yemasero uye nhamba yemamodule akabatanidzwa munhevedzano.

Basa rekutanga rerudzi urwu rwe inverter ndere kushandura inopinza DC voltage kuita yakagadzikana kukosha. Iri basa rinoitwa kuburikidza nekusimudzira inoshandura uye inoda boost switch uye boost diode. Mune yekutanga dhizaini, iyo yekusimudzira nhanho inoteverwa neyakasarudzika yakazara-bhiriji inoshandura. Chinangwa cheiyo yakazara bhiriji transformer ndechekupa kuparadzaniswa. Yechipiri-yakazara-bhiriji inoshandura pane inobuda inoshandiswa kushandura iyo DC kubva padanho rekutanga-yakazara-bhiriji inoshandura kuita alternating current (AC) voltage. Kubuda kwayo kunosefa isati yabatanidzwa kune AC grid network kuburikidza neyekuwedzera kaviri-contact relay switch, kuitira kuti ipe yakachengeteka yekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe kana paine chikanganiso uye kuzviparadzanisa kubva kune gidhi rekupa husiku. Chechipiri chimiro chirongwa chisiri chega. Pakati pavo, iyo AC voltage inogadzirwa zvakananga neiyo DC voltage inobuda neiyo boost nhanho. Chimiro chechitatu chinoshandisa hunyanzvi hwepamusoro hwema switch emagetsi uye madhiodhi emagetsi kubatanidza mabasa eiyo boost uye AC chizvarwa zvikamu mune yakatsaurirwa topology, zvichiita kuti inverter ishande sezvinobvira kunyangwe kuderera kwakanyanya kwekushandura kwesolar panel. Pedyo ne100% asi yakakosha zvikuru.MuGermany, 3kW series module yakaiswa padenga rakatarisana nezasi inotarisirwa kubudisa 2550 kWh pagore. Kana iyo inverter inoshanda yakawedzera kubva pa95% kusvika 96%, imwezve 25kWh yemagetsi inogona kugadzirwa gore rega. Mutengo wekushandisa mamwe solar module kugadzira iyi 25kWh yakaenzana nekuwedzera inverter. Sezvo kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka kubva pa95% kusvika 96% hakuzopeta kaviri mutengo weiyo inverter, kuisa mari muinverter inoshanda zvakanyanya isarudzo isingadzivisiki. Kune madhizaini ari kubuda, kuwedzera inverter kunyatsoita nenzira inodhura-inoshanda ndiyo yakakosha dhizaini yekugadzira. Kana iri yekuvimbika uye mutengo we inverter, iwo mamwe maviri ekugadzirisa maitiro. Kubudirira kwepamusoro kunoderedza kushanduka kwekushisa pamusoro pekutenderera kwemutoro, nekudaro kunatsiridza kuvimbika, saka izvi zvinongedzo zvine hukama. Iko kushandiswa kwema modules kuchawedzerawo kuvimbika.

Boost switch uye diode

Ese matopology anoratidzwa anoda kukurumidza kushandura magetsi. Iyo yekusimudzira nhanho uye yakazara-bhiriji shanduko nhanho inoda kukurumidza kushandura diode. Pamusoro pezvo, ma switch akagadziridzwa kune yakaderera frequency (100Hz) switching inobatsirawo kune aya matopology. Kune chero yakapihwa silicon tekinoroji, switch dzakagadziridzwa kukurumidza switch inova nepamusoro ekurasikirwa kwekuita pane switch yakagadziridzwa kune yakaderera-frequency switching application.

Iyo yekusimudzira nhanho inowanzo gadzirwa senge inoenderera yazvino modhi inoshandura. Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemamodules ezuva mune array anoshandiswa mune inverter, unogona kusarudza kushandisa 600V kana 1200V zvishandiso. Sarudzo mbiri dzekuchinja kwemagetsi maMOSFET uye IGBTs. Kazhinji kutaura, MOSFETs inogona kushanda pakakwirira switching frequencies pane IGBTs. Uye zvakare, pesvedzero yemuviri diode inofanirwa kugara ichiverengerwa: kana iri yekusimudzira nhanho iyi haisi dambudziko sezvo diode yemuviri isingaite mune yakajairika maitiro ekushandisa. Kurasikirwa kwekuita kweMOSFET kunogona kuverengerwa kubva pa-on-resistance RDS(ON), inoenzanirana nenzvimbo yekufa inoshanda kune yakapihwa mhuri yeMOSFET. Kana iyo yakayerwa voltage ichichinja kubva pa600V kuenda ku1200V, kurasikirwa kwekuita kweMOSFET kuchawedzera zvakanyanya. Naizvozvo, kunyangwe iyo yakayerwa RDS(ON) yakaenzana, iyo 1200V MOSFET haisi kuwanikwa kana mutengo wakanyanya.

Kuwedzera ma switch akaiswa pa600V, superjunction MOSFETs inogona kushandiswa. Kune yakakwirira-frequency switching application, iyi tekinoroji ine yakanakisa conduction kurasikirwa. MOSFETs ane RDS (ON) kukosha ari pasi pe100 milliohms mu TO-220 mapakeji uye MOSFETs ane RDS (ON) kukosha ari pazasi 50 miliohms mu TO-247 mapakeji. Kune ma solar inverters anoda 1200V magetsi ekuchinja, IGBT ndiyo sarudzo yakakodzera. More advanced IGBT matekinoroji, akadai seNPT Trench neNPT Field Stop, akagadziridzwa kudzikisa kurasikirwa kwemaitiro, asi nemutengo wepamusoro wekurasikirwa kwekuchinja, izvo zvinoita kuti dzisakodzere kukwidziridza maapplication pakakwirira.

Zvichienderana neiyo yekare NPT planar tekinoroji, mudziyo FGL40N120AND wakagadzirwa unogona kuvandudza mashandiro eiyo boost circuit ine high switching frequency. Iyo ine EOFF ye43uJ/A. Kana ichienzaniswa nemidziyo yemhando yepamusoro yehunyanzvi, iyo EOFF ndeye 80uJ/A, asi inoda kuwanikwa Rudzi urwu rwekuita rwakaoma kwazvo. Izvo zvisingabatsiri zveFGL40N120AND device ndeyokuti saturation voltage inodonha VCE (SAT) (3.0V vs. 2.1V pa 125ºC) yakakwirira, asi inorasikirwa nekuchinja kwayo kuderera pakukwirira kwepamusoro-soro kushanduka kwemhepo kupfuura kugadzirisa izvi. Chigadzirwa chacho chinobatanidzawo anti-parallel diode. Mukushanda kwakajairika kwekusimudzira, diode iyi haiite. Nekudaro, panguva yekutanga-kumusoro kana panguva yemamiriro enguva pfupi, zvinogoneka kuti dunhu rekusimudzira rifambiswe mune inoshanda mode, iyo iyo iyo anti-parallel diode ichaitisa. Sezvo iyo IGBT pachayo isina yekuzvarwa muviri diode, iyi yakabatanidzwa-yakarongedza diode inodiwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekushanda kwakavimbika. Pamaboost diodes, kukurumidza kudzoreredza diode seStealth™ kana kabhoni sililicon diode zvinodiwa.Carbon-silicon diode ine yakaderera kwazvo kumberi voltage uye kurasikirwa. Paunenge uchisarudza boost diode, mhedzisiro yekudzoreredza kudzoreredza ikozvino (kana junction capacitance yekabhoni-silicon diode) pane iyo boost switch inofanirwa kutariswa, sezvo izvi zvichizokonzera kurasikirwa kwakawedzerwa. Pano, iyo ichangoburwa Stealth II diode FFP08S60S inogona kupa kushanda kwepamusoro. Kana VDD=390V, ID=8A, di/dt=200A/us, uye tembiricha yekesi iri 100ºC, kurasikirwa kwekuchinja kwakaverengerwa kwakadzikira pane FFP08S60S parameter ye205mJ. Uchishandisa ISL9R860P2 Stealth diode, kukosha uku kunosvika 225mJ. Naizvozvo, izvi zvakare zvinovandudza kushanda kweiyo inverter pane yakakwirira switching frequency.

Bridge switch uye diode

Mushure meMOSFET yakazara-bhiriji kusefa, bhiriji rekubuda rinogadzira 50Hz sinusoidal voltage uye chiratidzo chazvino. Kuitwa kwakajairika ndeye kushandisa yakajairwa yakazara-bhiriji yekuvaka (Mufananidzo 2). Mumufananidzo, kana maswiti ari kumusoro kuruboshwe uye kurudyi akabatidzwa, voltage yakanaka inotakurwa pakati pekuruboshwe uye kurudyi zviteshi; kana ma switch ekumusoro kurudyi nezasi kuruboshwe akabatidzwa, voltage isina kunaka inotakurwa pakati pekuruboshwe nekurudyi zviteshi. Kune iyi application, switch imwe chete ndiyo inobatidzwa pane imwe nguva yenguva. Imwe switch inogona kuchinjirwa kuPWM yakakwira frequency uye imwe chinja kune yakaderera frequency 50Hz. Sezvo dunhu rebootstrap richivimba nekushandurwa kwemidziyo yakaderera, zvigadziriso zvakaderera zvinochinjirwa kuPWM yakakwira frequency, nepo zvigadziriso zvepamusoro zvichishandurwa ku50Hz yakaderera frequency. Ichi chishandiso chinoshandisa 600V simba switch, saka iyo 600V superjunction MOSFET yakanyatso kuenderana neichi chinomhanyisa chinomhanyisa chishandiso. Nekuti aya maturusi ekuchinja anomira kudzoreredza kudzoreredza kwazvino kwemamwe maturusi kana switch yabatidzwa, kukurumidza kudzoreredza superjunction zvishandiso se600V FCH47N60F isarudzo dzakanaka. Yayo RDS (ON) ndeye 73 miriyoni, uye kurasikirwa kwayo kwekuita kwakadzikira zvakanyanya kana ichienzaniswa nemamwe madhizaini ekudzoreredza nekukurumidza. Kana ichi chishandiso chachinja pa50Hz, hapana chikonzero chekushandisa kukurumidza kudzoreredza chimiro. Midziyo iyi ine yakanakisa dv/dt uye di/dt hunhu, iyo inovandudza kuvimbika kwehurongwa uchienzaniswa neyakajairwa superjunction MOSFETs.

Imwe sarudzo yakakodzera kuongorora ndeye kushandiswa kweiyo FGH30N60LSD mudziyo. Iyo 30A/600V IGBT ine saturation voltage VCE(SAT) ye1.1V chete. Kurasikirwa kwayo kweEOFF kwakakwirira zvikuru, inosvika 10mJ, saka yakakodzera chete kutendeuka kwepasi-frequency. A 50 milliohm MOSFET ine on-resistance RDS(ON) ye100 miliohms pakushanda tembiricha. Naizvozvo, pa11A, ine VDS yakafanana neVCE(SAT) yeIGBT. Sezvo iyi IGBT yakavakirwa pane yekare kuparara tekinoroji, VCE(SAT) haichinji zvakanyanya nekushisa. Iyi IGBT saka inoderedza kurasikirwa kwese mubhiriji rekubuda, nekudaro ichiwedzera kugona kwese kweiyo inverter. Icho chokwadi chekuti FGH30N60LSD IGBT inochinja kubva kune imwe simba shanduko tekinoroji kuenda kune imwe yakatsaurirwa topology yega yega kutenderera inobatsira zvakare. IGBTs anoshandiswa pano setopological switch. Nekukurumidza kushandura, zvakajairwa uye nekukurumidza kudzoreredza superjunction zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa. Kune 1200V yakatsaurirwa topology uye yakazara-bhiriji chimiro, iyo yambotaurwa FGL40N120AND iswichi yakakodzera kwazvo kune nyowani yakakwirira-frequency solar inverters. Kana matekinoroji ehunyanzvi anoda diode, Stealth II, Hyperfast™ II diode uye kabhoni-silicon diode mhinduro huru.

basa:

Iyo inverter haina kungoita basa reDC kune AC kutendeuka, asi zvakare ine basa rekuwedzera kushanda kwemasero ezuva uye basa rekuchengetedza kukanganisa system. Muchidimbu, kune otomatiki kumhanya uye kuvhara mabasa, yakanyanya simba yekutevera yekudzora basa, yakazvimirira mashandiro ekudzivirira basa (yegridi-yakabatana masisitimu), otomatiki voltage kugadzirisa basa (yegridhi-yakabatana masisitimu), DC yekuona basa (yegridi-yakabatana masisitimu. ), uye kuona DC pasi. Basa (kune grid-yakabatana masisitimu). Heino sumo pfupi kune otomatiki yekumhanyisa uye kuvhara mabasa uye iyo yakanyanya simba yekutevera yekudzora basa.

Kushanda otomatiki uye kudzima basa: Mushure mekubuda kwezuva mangwanani, kusimba kwemwaranzi yezuva kunowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye kubuda kwesero rezuva kunowedzerawo. Kana simba rekubuda rinodiwa kuti inverter ishande yasvika, iyo inverter inotanga kushanda. Mushure mekupinda mukushanda, iyo inverter inotarisisa kubuda kweiyo solar cell modules nguva dzese. Chero bedzi simba rinobuda re solar cell modules rakakura kudarika simba rinobuda rinodiwa kune inverter basa, inverter icharamba ichishanda; ichamira kusvika zuva ranyura, kunyangwe Iyo inverter inogonawo kushanda pamazuva ekunaya. Kana iyo solar module inobuda ikaita diki uye iyo inverter inobuda inosvika 0, iyo inverter inopinda munzvimbo yekumira.

Maximum power tracking control function: Kubuda kwesolar cell module inoshanduka nekusimba kwemwaranzi yezuva uye tembiricha yesolar cell module pachayo (chip tembiricha). Uye zvakare, nekuti solar cell modules ine hunhu hwekuti voltage inodzikira sekuwedzera kwazvino, pane yakaringana yekushandisa poindi inogona kuwana yakanyanya simba. Kusimba kwemwaranzi yezuva kuri kuchinja, uye zviri pachena kuti yakakwana nzvimbo yekushanda iri kuchinjawo. Zvinechekuita nekuchinja uku, nzvimbo yekushanda ye solar cell module inogara ichichengetwa panzvimbo yepamusoro yemagetsi, uye hurongwa hunogara huchiwana huwandu hwemagetsi kubva kune solar cell module. Rudzi urwu rwekutonga ndiyo yakanyanya simba yekutevera kutonga. Chinhu chikuru chemainverters anoshandiswa mumagetsi ezuva rekugadzira masisitimu ndechekuti iwo anosanganisira iyo yakanyanya simba point tracking (MPPT) basa.

type

Kurongeka kwenzvimbo yekushandisa

(1) Yakajairika inverter

DC 12V kana 24V yekupinda, AC 220V, 50Hz yakabuda, simba kubva pa75W kusvika 5000W, mamwe mamodheru ane AC uye DC shanduko, kureva, UPS basa.

(2) Inverter/chaja yese-mune-imwe muchina

Mune rudzi urwu rwe inverter, vashandisi vanogona kushandisa maitiro akasiyana-siyana ekugadzirisa masimba e AC: kana pane simba re AC, simba re AC rinoshandiswa kusimbisa mutoro kuburikidza ne-inverter, kana kutengesa bhatiri; kana pasina AC simba, bhatiri rinoshandiswa kusimbisa AC mutoro. . Inogona kushandiswa pamwe chete neakasiyana masimba emagetsi: mabhatiri, jenareta, solar panels uye mhepo turbines.

(3) Yakakosha inverter yepositi uye telecommunication

Ipa emhando yepamusoro 48V inverters yeposvo uye nhare masevhisi. Zvigadzirwa ndezvemhando yakanaka, kuvimbika kwepamusoro, modular (module is 1KW) inverters, uye ine N+1 redundancy basa uye inogona kuwedzerwa (simba kubva pa2KW kusvika 20KW). )

(4) Special inverter yekubhururuka nemauto

Iyi mhando ye inverter ine 28Vdc yekupinda uye inogona kupa zvinotevera AC zvinobuda: 26Vac, 115Vac, 230Vac. Yayo inobuda frequency inogona kuva: 50Hz, 60Hz uye 400Hz, uye simba rekubuda rinobva pa30VA kusvika 3500VA. Kune zvakare DC-DC inoshandura uye frequency converters yakatsaurirwa kune avhiyesheni.

Output waveform classification

(1) Square wave inverter

Iyo AC voltage waveform yakabuda ne square wave inverter is square wave. Iyo inverter maseketi anoshandiswa nerudzi urwu rweinverter haana kunyatsofanana, asi chinhu chakajairika ndechekuti dunhu riri nyore uye huwandu hwemagetsi switch machubhu anoshandiswa idiki. Simba rekugadzira rinowanzova pakati pezana watts uye kilowatt imwe. Zvakanakira square wave inverter ndezvi: dunhu riri nyore, mutengo wakachipa uye nyore kugadzirisa. Izvo zvisingabatsiri ndezvekuti sikweya wave voltage ine nhamba huru ye-yakakwirira-yakarongeka maharmonics, ayo anozoburitsa kuwedzera kurasikirwa mumidziyo yemutoro ine iron core inductors kana transformers, zvichikonzera kukanganiswa kwemaredhiyo uye zvimwe zvekutaurirana. Uye zvakare, iyi mhando ye inverter ine zvikanganiso senge isina kukwana voltage regulation renji, isina kukwana kuchengetedza basa, uye ruzha rwakanyanya.

(2) Nhanho wave inverter

Iyo AC voltage waveform yakabuda nerudzi urwu rwe inverter inverter nhanho wave. Kune mitsetse yakawanda yakasiyana yekuti inverter ione nhanho wave kubuda, uye nhamba yematanho mune yekubuda waveform inosiyana zvakanyanya. Mukana weiyo nhanho wave inverter ndeyekuti yakabuda waveform yakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya kana ichienzaniswa neye square wave, uye yakakwira-yakarongeka harmonic yemukati yakaderedzwa. Kana matanho asvika kupfuura gumi nenomwe, iyo yakabuda waveform inogona kuwana quasi-sinusoidal wave. Kana transformerless inobuda inoshandiswa, kushanda kwese kwakakwira zvakanyanya. Izvo zvakashata ndezvekuti manera wave superposition wedunhu anoshandisa akawanda emagetsi switch machubhu, uye mamwe ematunhu mafomu anoda akawanda seti eDC magetsi ekuisa. Izvi zvinounza dambudziko kumapoka uye wiring ye solar cell arrays uye kubhadharisa kwakaringana kwemabhatiri. Uye zvakare, iyo staircase wave voltage ichine kumwe kukanganiswa kwepamusoro-frequency kumaredhiyo uye mimwe michina yekutaurirana.

Sine wave inverter

Iyo AC voltage waveform kubuda ne sine wave inverter ndeye sine wave. Zvakanakira iyo sine wave inverter ndeyekuti ine yakanaka yekubuda waveform, yakaderera zvakanyanya kukanganisa, kushoma kupindira kune radio uye michina, uye yakaderera ruzha. Mukuwedzera, ine mabasa ekudzivirira akazara uye nepamusoro pese kunyatsoshanda. Izvo zvisingabatsiri ndezvi: dunhu rinenge rakaoma, rinoda teknolojia yekuchengetedza yakakwirira, uye inodhura.

Kurongeka kwemhando nhatu dziri pamusoro apa dze inverters dzinobatsira kune vagadziri uye vashandisi ve photovoltaic systems uye mhepo magetsi emagetsi kuti vaone uye vasarudze inverters. Muchokwadi, ma inverters ane yakafanana waveform achine misiyano mikuru mumasimboti edunhu, zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa, nzira dzekudzora, nezvimwe.

Dzimwe nzira dzekuronga

1. Zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwekubuda kwe AC simba, inogona kukamurwa kuita simba frequency inverter, yepakati frequency inverter uye yakakwirira frequency inverter. Iyo frequency yemagetsi frequency inverter ndeye 50 kusvika 60Hz; iyo frequency yepakati frequency inverter inowanzo 400Hz kusvika kupfuura gumi kHz; kuwanda kweiyo yakakwira frequency inverter kazhinji inodarika gumi kHz kusvika MHz.

2. Maererano nenhamba yezvikamu zvinobudiswa ne-inverter, inogona kugoverwa kuva single-phase inverter, matatu-phase inverter uye multi-phase inverter.

3. Maererano nekuenda kweiyo inverter yekubuda kwesimba, inogona kukamurwa kuita inoshanda inverter uye passive inverter. Chero inverter inotumira simba remagetsi rinobuda ne inverter kune giredhi yemagetsi emagetsi inonzi inoshanda inverter; chero inverter inotumira simba remagetsi rinobuda ne inverter kune mamwe magetsi emagetsi anonzi passive inverter. mudziyo.

4. Zvinoenderana nechimiro cheiyo inverter main circuit, inogona kukamurwa kuita single-ended inverter, push-pull inverter, half-bridge inverter uye full-bridge inverter.

5. Zvinoenderana nerudzi rwechigadzirwa chikuru chekuchinja kweiyo inverter, inogona kukamurwa kuita thyristor inverter, transistor inverter, field effect inverter uye insulated gedhi bipolar transistor (IGBT) inverter. Inogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: "semi-controlled" inverter uye "yakanyatsodzorwa" inverter. Iyo yekutanga haina kukwanisa kuzvidzima, uye chikamu chinorasikirwa nebasa rekutonga mushure mekuvhurwa, saka inonzi "semi-controlled" uye yakajairika thyristors inowira muchikamu ichi; iyo yekupedzisira ine simba rekudzima-kudzima, ndiko kuti, hapana chigadziro Iyo yekuvhura uye yekudzima inogona kudzorwa neiyo control electrode, saka inonzi "yakazara controlled type". Power field effect transistors uye insulated gedhi bi-simba transistors (IGBT) zvese ndezvechikamu ichi.

6. Maererano nemagetsi emagetsi eDC, inogona kugoverwa kuva voltage source inverter (VSI) uye ikozvino inoshandura inverter (CSI). Mune yekare, iyo DC voltage inenge isingachinji, uye inobuda voltage ndeye alternating square wave; mune yekupedzisira, iyo DC yazvino inenge yakamira, uye inobuda ikozvino ndeye alternating square wave.

7. Maererano ne inverter control method, inogona kukamurwa kuva frequency modulation (PFM) inverter uye pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter.

8. Zvinoenderana nemaitiro ekushanda kweiyo inverter switching circuit, inogona kukamurwa kuita resonant inverter, yakagadziriswa frequency hard switching inverter uye yakagadziriswa frequency soft switching inverter.

9. Maererano nenzira yekushandura ye inverter, inogona kugoverwa kuva inverter inotakura uye inogadzirisa inverter.

Performance parameters:

Kune akawanda ma paramita uye tekinoroji mamiriro anotsanangura kuita kweiyo inverter. Pano tinongopa tsananguro pfupi yetekinoroji paramita inowanzoshandiswa pakuongorora inverters.

1. Mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza ekushandiswa kwe inverter. Mamiriro ekushandisa akajairika eiyo inverter: kureba hakupfuuri 1000m, uye tembiricha yemhepo ndeye 0 ~ + 40 ℃.

2. DC inopinza magetsi emagetsi mamiriro, inopinza DC voltage fluctuation range: ± 15% yeiyo yakayerwa voltage kukosha kwebhatiri pack.

3. Yakatemerwa goho remagetsi, mukati meiyo yakataurwa inotenderwa kuchinjika siyana yeinopinza DC voltage, inomiririra yakatemerwa voltage kukosha iyo inverter inofanira kukwanisa kubuda. Iko kugadzikana kwakagadzikana kweiyo inobuda yakatemerwa voltage kukosha kazhinji ine zvinotevera zvinongedzo:

(1) Panguva yekushanda kwakadzikama, kushanduka kwemagetsi kunofanirwa kuve kwakaganhurirwa, semuenzaniso, kutsauka kwayo hakufanire kudarika ± 3% kana ± 5% yemutengo wakayerwa.

(2) Mumamiriro ezvinhu ane simba apo mutoro unoshanduka kamwe kamwe kana kukanganiswa nezvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa, kubuda kwemagetsi hakufaniri kudarika ± 8% kana ± 10% yehuwandu hwehuwandu.

4. Rated output frequency, iyo frequency ye inverter inobuda AC voltage inofanira kunge yakagadzikana kukosha, kazhinji kacho simba re50Hz. Kutsauka kunofanirwa kunge kuri mukati me ± 1% pasi pemamiriro ekushanda akajairika.

5. Rated output current (kana rated output capacity) inoratidza chiyero chekubuda ikozvino che inverter mukati meiyo yakatarwa mutoro simba factor range. Zvimwe zvigadzirwa zve inverter zvinopa chiyero chekubuda, chinoratidzwa muVA kana kVA. Iyo yakayerwa kugona kweiyo inverter ndipo painobuda simba chinhu chiri 1 (kureva kuti, chakanyanya resistive mutoro), iyo yakatemerwa inobuda voltage ndicho chigadzirwa cheyakayerwa kubuda ikozvino.

6. Yakatemerwa kubuda zvakanaka. Kubudirira kweiyo inverter ndiyo chiyero chesimba rayo rekubuda kune simba rekupinza pasi pemamiriro ekushanda akataurwa, anoratidzwa mu%. Kushanda kweiyo inverter payakayerwa kuburitsa kugona kwakazara mutoro, uye kushanda zvakanaka pa10% yeyakayerwa kuburitsa kugona kwakaderera mutoro.

7. Iyo yakanyanya harmonic yemukati inverter. Kune sine wave inverter, pasi pekuremerwa mutoro, iyo yakanyanya harmonic yemukati yekubuda voltage inofanira kunge iri ≤10%.

8. Kuwanda kwehuwandu hwe inverter inoreva kukwanisa kwe inverter kuburitsa zvakanyanya kudarika kukosha kwemazuva ano munguva pfupi pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akataurwa. Iyo yekuremedza huwandu hweiyo inverter inofanirwa kusangana nezvimwe zvinodiwa pasi peiyo yakataurwa mutoro simba chinhu.

9. Kubudirira kweiyo inverter ndiyo chiyero cheiyo inverter inobuda simba rinoshanda kune inopinza inoshanda simba (kana DC simba) pasi peiyo yakatemerwa kubuda voltage, inobuda ikozvino uye yakatarwa mutoro simba chinhu.

10. Kutakura simba chinhu chinomiririra kukwanisa kwe inverter kutakura inductive kana capacitive mitoro. Pasi pe sine wave mamiriro, iyo mutoro simba chinhu 0.7 ~ 0.9 (lag), uye yakayerwa kukosha ndeye 0.9.

11. Mutoro asymmetry. Pasi pe10% asymmetric load, iyo asymmetry yekubuda kwemhepo ye-fixed-frequency three-phase inverter inofanira kuva ≤10%.

12. Output voltage kusaenzana. Pasi pemamiriro ekushanda akajairwa, iyo matatu-phase voltage kusaenzana (reshiyo yereverse sequence chikamu kune yakanaka kutevedzana chikamu) inobuda neinverter haifanire kudarika kukosha kwakatarwa, kunowanzo kuratidzwa mu%, senge 5% kana 8%.

13. Mamiriro ekutanga: Pasi pemamiriro ekushanda akajairika, inverter inofanira kukwanisa kutanga kazhinji 5 nguva mumutsara pasi pemutoro wakakwana uye pasina-mutoro wekushanda.

14. Mabasa ekudzivirira, inverter inofanira kuiswa: kuchengetedzwa kwechidimbu chekudzivirira, kuchengetedzwa kwepamusoro, kuchengetedzwa kwepamusoro, kuchengetedzwa kwepamusoro, kudzivirira kwekudzivirira uye kuchengetedzwa kwechikamu chekurasikirwa. Pakati pavo, overvoltage dziviriro inoreva kuti kune inverters isina voltage kudzikamisa matanho, panofanirwa kuve neinobuda overvoltage ekudzivirira matanho ekudzivirira iyo yakaipa terminal kubva mukukuvadzwa nekubuda kwakawandisa. Kudzivirirwa kwepamusoro kunoreva kuchengetedzwa kwepamusoro kweiyo inverter, iyo inofanirwa kuve inokwanisa kuve nechokwadi chekuita panguva kana mutoro uri pfupi-yakatenderedzwa kana ikozvino inodarika kukosha kunobvumirwa kuidzivirira kubva mukukuvadzwa nekuwedzera ikozvino.

15. Kupindira uye anti-kupindira, iyo inverter inofanirwa kukwanisa kumira kukanganiswa kwemagetsi munzvimbo yakajairika pasi pemamiriro akajairwa ekushanda. Iyo anti-kupindira kuita uye electromagnetic kuenderana kweiyo inverter inofanirwa kuenderana neakakodzera zviyero.

16. Inverters isingawanzo kushandiswa, kuongororwa uye kuchengetedzwa inofanira kuva ≤95db; inverters dzinowanzo shandiswa, kutariswa uye kuchengetedzwa dzinofanira kunge dziri ≤80db.

17. Ratidza, iyo inverter inofanirwa kuve yakashongedzerwa nedhata yekuratidzira yeparameters yakadai se AC inobuda voltage, inobuda ikozvino uye inobuda frequency, uye chiratidzo chekuratidzira chekuisa mhenyu, ine simba uye chinokanganisa chimiro.

18. Kukurukurirana basa. Iyo kure kure yekutaurirana basa inobvumira vashandisi kuti vatarise mamiriro ekushanda kwemuchina uye data rakachengetwa pasina kuenda kune saiti.

19. The waveform distortion of the output voltage. Kana iyo inverter inobuda voltage iri sinusoidal, iyo yakanyanya kubvumidzwa waveform kukanganisa (kana harmonic yemukati) inofanirwa kutsanangurwa. Inowanzo kuratidzwa seyakazara waveform kukanganisa kweiyo inobuda voltage, kukosha kwayo haifanire kudarika 5% (10% inotenderwa kune imwe-chikamu chinobuda).

20. Kutanga maitiro, ayo anoratidza kukwanisa kwe inverter kutanga nemutoro uye kushanda kwayo panguva yekushanda kwesimba. Iyo inverter inofanirwa kuve yakavimbika kutanga pasi peyakayerwa mutoro.

21. Noise. Transformers, mafirita inductors, electromagnetic switch, mafeni uye zvimwe zvinhu mumagetsi emagetsi emagetsi zvese zvinoburitsa ruzha. Kana iyo inverter iri kushanda zvakajairika, ruzha rwayo harufanire kudarika 80dB, uye ruzha rweinverter diki harufanire kudarika 65dB.

Maitiro ebhatiri:

PV bhatiri

Kugadzira solar inverter system, zvakakosha kutanga wanzwisisa maitiro akasiyana emasero ezuva (PV masero). Rp neRs zvirambidzo zvinopikisa, izvo zvisingaperi uye zero zvakateerana pasi pemamiriro akanaka.

Kusimba kwechiedza uye tembiricha zvinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya maitiro ekushanda ePV masero. Ikozvino inoenderana nekusimba kwechiedza, asi shanduko muchiedza haina mhedzisiro pairi kushanda voltage. Zvisinei, simba rekushanda rinokanganiswa nekushisa. Kuwedzera kwekushisa kwebhatiri kunoderedza simba rekushanda asi rine simba shoma pane yazvino yakagadzirwa. Mufananidzo uri pazasi unoratidza mhedzisiro yekushisa uye chiedza paPV modules.

Shanduko mukusimba kwemwenje ine simba guru pamagetsi ekubuda kwebhatiri pane shanduko yetembiricha. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kune ese anowanzoshandiswa PV zvinhu. Mhedzisiro yakakosha yekubatanidzwa kwezviviri izvi mhedzisiro ndeyekuti simba rePV cell rinodzikira nekudzikira kwechiedza uye / kana kuwedzera tembiricha.

Maximum power point (MPP)

Solar maseru anogona kushanda pamusoro pemhando dzakasiyana dzemagetsi uye mafungu. Iyo MPP inotemerwa nekuenderera mberi ichiwedzera iyo inodzivirira mutoro pane yakavhenekerwa sero kubva ku zero (pfupi yedunhu chiitiko) kune yakanyanya kukosha (yakavhurika yedunhu chiitiko). MPP ndiyo nzvimbo yekushanda iyo V x I inosvika pakukosha kwayo kwepamusoro uye pakuvhenekera uku kusimba Makuru masimba anogona kuwanikwa. Simba rinobuda kana dunhu diki (PV voltage yakaenzana ne zero) kana dunhu rakavhurika (PV ikozvino yakaenzana ne zero) chiitiko chinoitika zero.

Yepamusoro-soro monocrystalline silicon solar masero anoburitsa akavhurika edunhu voltage e0.60 volts patembiricha ye25°C. Nechiedza chezuva chakazara uye tembiricha yemhepo inosvika 25°C, tembiricha yesero rakapihwa inogona kunge iri pedyo ne45°C, zvinozoderedza mhepo yakavhurika yedunhu kusvika pa 0.55V. Sezvo tembiricha inowedzera, iyo yakavhurika yedunhu voltage inoramba ichidzikira kusvika iyo PV Module yedunhu pfupi.

Simba guru pabhatiri tembiricha ye45°C rinowanzo gadzirwa pa80% rakavhurika redunhu voltage uye 90% pfupi dunhu ikozvino. Iyo pfupi-yekutenderera ikozvino yebhatiri inenge yakaenzana nekuvhenekera, uye iyo yakavhurika-yedunhu voltage inogona kuderera ne10% kana kuvhenekera kunoderedzwa ne80%. Mabhatiri emhando yakaderera anodzikisa voltage nekukurumidza kana yazvino ichiwedzera, nekudaro ichidzikisa simba riripo. Zvakabuda zvakadzika kubva pa70% kusvika pa50%, kana kunyange 25% chete.

Iyo solar microinverter inofanirwa kuona kuti maPV modules ari kushanda paMPP chero nguva kuitira kuti simba rakawanda riwanikwe kubva kuPV modules. Izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa uchishandisa yakanyanya simba point control loop, inozivikanwawo seMaximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT). Kuwana chiyero chepamusoro chekutevera kweMPP kunodawo kuti PV yakabuda voltage ripple idiki zvakakwana kuitira kuti PV ikozvino isashanduke zvakanyanya kana ichishanda pedyo nepamusoro penzvimbo yemagetsi.

Iyo MPP voltage renji yePV modules inogona kutsanangurwa muhuwandu hwe25V kusvika 45V, ine simba rekugadzira rinosvika 250W uye rakavhurika redunhu voltage pazasi 50V.

Kushandisa uye kugadzirisa:

use

1. Unganidza uye uise midziyo yakanyatsoenderana nezvinodiwa zve inverter kushanda uye mirayiridzo yekuchengetedza. Panguva yekuisa, iwe unofanirwa kunyatsoongorora: kana waya dhayamita inosangana nezvinodiwa; kana zvikamu uye zviteshi zvakasununguka panguva yekufambisa; kana zvikamu zve insulated zvakavharwa zvakanaka; kana iyo system system inoenderana nemirairo.

2. Inverter inofanira kushandiswa uye kushandiswa zvakasimba maererano nemirayiridzo yekushandiswa nekugadzirisa. Kunyanya: usati wabatidza muchina, teerera kuti magetsi ekuisa ari akajairika; panguva yekushanda, teerera kuti kutevedzana kwekubatidza nekudzima muchina kwakarurama here, uye kana zviratidzo zvemamita imwe neimwe uye chiedza chechiratidzo chakajairika.

3. Inverters kazhinji ane otomatiki dziviriro yedunhu breakage, overcurrent, overvoltage, overheating uye zvimwe zvinhu, saka kana izvi zviitiko zvichiitika, hapana chikonzero chekuvhara nemaoko; iwo mapoinzi ekudzivirira ekudzivirira otomatiki anowanzo kuiswa pafekitori, uye hapana chikonzero cheKugadzirisa zvakare.

4. Pane high voltage mu inverter cabinet. Vashandi havawanzo kubvumidzwa kuvhura musuwo wekhabhineti, uye gonhi rekhabhineti rinofanirwa kuvharwa panguva dzakajairwa.

5. Kana kutonhora kwekamuri kunopfuura 30 ° C, kupisa kwekushisa uye kutonhora kunofanira kutorwa kudzivirira kukanganisa kwemidziyo uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwebasa remichina.

Kuchengetedza uye kuongorora

1. Nguva dzose chengetedza kana wiring yechikamu chimwe nechimwe che inverter yakasimba uye kana pane kusununguka. Kunyanya, iyo feni, simba module, yekuisa terminal, inobuda terminal uye pasi inofanira kunyatsotariswa.

2. Kana alarm yadzima, haibvumirwi kutanga pakarepo. Chikonzero chinofanirwa kuwanikwa uye kugadziriswa usati watanga. Kuongorora kunofanira kuitwa zvakanyatsoenderana nematanho anotsanangurwa mubhuku rekuchengetedza inverter.

3. Vafambisi vanofanira kuwana kudzidziswa kwakakosha uye kukwanisa kuona zvikonzero zvekukanganisa kwakawanda uye kuzvibvisa, sekutsiva neunyanzvi kutsiva fuse, zvikamu, uye akakuvadzwa edunhu mabhodhi. Vashandi vasina kudzidziswa havabvumidzwe kushandisa michina.

4. Kana njodzi ikaitika iyo yakaoma kubvisa kana chikonzero chetsaona chisina kujeka, zvinyorwa zvakadzama zvetsaona zvinofanira kuchengetwa uye mugadziri we inverter anofanira kuziviswa munguva yakakodzera yekugadzirisa.