Nigute ushobora kugabanya imirasire y'izuba

Imirasire y'izuba ni kimwe mu bintu bikenewe mu mikurire n'ubuzima bwa byose. Birasa nkaho bidashoboka. Kubwibyo, ingufu zizuba zahindutse isoko nziza "ejo hazaza" nyuma yingufu zumuyaga ningufu zamazi. Impamvu yo kongeramo prefix "ejo hazaza" nuko ingufu zizuba zikiri mu ntangiriro. Nubwo ingufu zituruka ku mirasire y'izuba zifite ibyiza byinshi, inganda zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba zo mu gihugu zabaye nyinshi kubera ubushobozi buke bwo guhindura ingufu no gukoresha umutungo udahagije.

Iterambere ry'ingufu z'izuba birashoboka ko ryaturuka mu kinyejana cya 19 rwagati. Muri kiriya gihe, kuvumburwa gukoresha ingufu zamashanyarazi kugirango bitange ingufu zamashanyarazi byatumye abantu bamenya ko ingufu zumuriro ningufu zamashanyarazi zishobora guhinduka hagati yazo, kandi ingufu zizuba nisoko itaziguye itanga ingufu zumuriro. Kugeza ubu, imirasire y'izuba ishobora kuba ikoreshwa cyane ku isoko rya gisivili. Zishobora kwinjiza urumuri rw'izuba no guhindura ingufu z'imirasire y'izuba mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa butaziguye mu mashanyarazi binyuze mu mashusho y'amashanyarazi cyangwa ingaruka za fotokome.

Ibyinshi mubicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki byubwenge bikoresha bateri ya lithium yumuriro. By'umwihariko ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigendanwa, kubera ko byoroshye, byoroshye kandi bifite ibikorwa byinshi byo gukoresha, abakoresha ntibabuzwa n’ibidukikije mu gihe cyo gukoresha, kandi igihe cyo gukora ni kirekire. Kubwibyo, bateri ya lithium yabaye ihitamo cyane nubwo bateri yubuzima bwabo.

Ugereranije na bateri ya lithium, imwe mu mbogamizi z'ingirabuzimafatizo z'izuba ziragaragara, ni ukuvuga ko zidashobora gutandukanywa n'izuba. Guhindura ingufu z'izuba mu mbaraga z'amashanyarazi bihuzwa n'umucyo w'izuba mugihe nyacyo. Kubwibyo, ingufu zizuba, irashobora gukoreshwa kumanywa gusa cyangwa no kumunsi wizuba. Ariko, bitandukanye na bateri ya lithium, mugihe cyose yashizwemo byuzuye, irashobora kurekurwa burundu imbogamizi zigihe n ibidukikije kandi irashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bworoshye.

Ingorane zo "kugabanya"imirasire y'izuba

Kubera ko imirasire y'izuba ubwayo idashobora kubika ingufu z'amashanyarazi, akaba ari ikosa rikomeye cyane mu bikorwa bifatika, abashakashatsi bazanye igitekerezo cyo gukoresha imirasire y'izuba ifatanije na bateri nini cyane. Bateri ya aside-aside niyo ikoreshwa cyane muburyo bwo gutanga amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba. Urwego runini rwa bateri. Guhuza ibicuruzwa byombi bituma ingirabuzimafatizo zuba zimaze kuba nini cyane "nini". Niba ushaka kubishyira mubikoresho bigendanwa, ugomba kubanza kunyura munzira yo "kumanura".

Kuberako igipimo cyo guhindura ingufu atari kinini, ubuso bwizuba ryizuba ryingirabuzimafatizo zuba ari nini, nicyo kibazo cya mbere gikomeye cya tekinike bahuye nacyo murugendo rwabo "rwo hasi". Umubare ntarengwa woguhindura ingufu zizuba ni 24%. Ugereranije n’umusaruro ukomoka ku mirasire y'izuba uhenze, keretse iyo ukoreshejwe ahantu hanini, ibikorwa byayo bizagabanuka cyane, kereka niba bikoreshwa mubikoresho bigendanwa.

Kuberako igipimo cyo guhindura ingufu kitari hejuru, ubuso bwizuba ryizuba ryizuba mubisanzwe ni binini.

Nigute "kunanuka" ingirabuzimafatizo z'izuba?

Guhuza imirasire y'izuba hamwe na batiri ya lithium ishobora gukoreshwa ni bumwe mu bushakashatsi bugezweho ndetse n’iterambere ry’abashakashatsi mu bya siyansi, kandi ni n'inzira nziza yo gukangurira ingirabuzimafatizo z'izuba. Ibicuruzwa bikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba bikunze kugaragara ni banki yingufu. Muguhindura ingufu zumucyo ingufu zamashanyarazi no kuzibika muri bateri yubatswe na lithium, banki yizuba irashobora kwishyuza terefone zigendanwa, kamera za digitale, tableti nibindi bicuruzwa, ibyo bikaba bizigama ingufu kandi bitangiza ibidukikije.

Imirasire y'izuba ishobora rwose kugera ku nganda igabanijwemo ibyiciro bibiri: icyiciro cya mbere ni selile silicon selile, harimo silikoni ya polycrystalline na selile monocrystalline, ikaba irenga 80% by'umugabane ku isoko; icyiciro cya kabiri ni selile yoroheje ya selile, igabanijwemo kabiri muri selile ya Amorphous silicon selile ifite inzira yoroshye nigiciro gito, ariko imikorere yabyo ni mike kandi hariho ibimenyetso byo kugabanuka.

Imirasire y'izuba ntoya ifite milimetero nkeya gusa kandi irashobora kugororwa no kuzunguruka. Barashobora kandi gukoresha ibikoresho bitandukanye nkibikoresho bya substrate. Birashobora guhuzwa na bateri ya lithium yo kwishyuza, bivuze ko ingirabuzimafatizo zizuba zishobora gutezwa imbere mumashanyarazi mashya yangiza ibidukikije. Biracyashoboka cyane. Byongeye kandi, ubu bwoko bwa charger burashobora gutangwa muburyo butandukanye, bigatuma byoroha gutwara. Kurugero, kumanika kumufuka wishuri cyangwa imyenda birashobora kwishyuza terefone igendanwa, kandi ikibazo cyubuzima bwa bateri gikemurwa byoroshye.

Abaterankunga benshi ubu bemeza ko bateri ya lithium ikozwe muri graphene ari intambwe ikomeye mugukemura ikibazo cyubuzima bwa bateri yibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigendanwa. Niba igipimo cyo guhindura imirasire y'izuba kuri buri gice gishobora kunozwa neza, noneho uburyo bwiza bwo kwishyuza mobile igihe icyo aricyo cyose nahantu hose bizahinduka isoko yingufu zizaza. Inzira nziza yo gukoresha ibibazo.

Incamake: Imirasire y'izuba nimpano itanga cyane, ariko gukoresha ingufu z'izuba ntibiramenyekana cyane. Haracyari ibibazo bijyanye nigiciro cyinshi nuburyo bwo guhindura buke mukoresha ingufu zizuba kubyara amashanyarazi. Gusa mu kongera neza igipimo cyo guhindura ingufu z'izuba kuri buri gice dushobora gukoresha neza ingufu kandi tukagera ku ntera nziza iva mumirasire y'izuba ikajya mumashanyarazi. Icyo gihe, kugenda kwizuba kwizuba ntibizaba bikiri ikibazo.