Uburyo imirasire y'izuba ikora

Imirasire y'izuba gukuramo urumuri rw'izuba kugirango rutange imikorere ya bateri zisanzwe. Ariko bitandukanye na bateri gakondo, ingufu zisohoka nimbaraga nini zisohoka za bateri gakondo zirakosorwa, mugihe ingufu ziva mumashanyarazi, izimashanyarazi, nimbaraga zuba zituruka kumirasire y'izuba bifitanye isano nuburyo bwo gucana no gukorera aho bikorera. Kubera iyo mpamvu, kugirango ukoreshe imirasire yizuba kugirango ubyare amashanyarazi, ugomba gusobanukirwa isano iri hagati yumuriro wa voltage n ihame ryimikorere yizuba.

Kumurika urumuri rw'izuba:

Ingufu zituruka ku mirasire y'izuba ni urumuri rw'izuba, bityo ubukana hamwe nubunini bwumucyo wizuba byerekana ibyagezweho na voltage biva mumirasire y'izuba. Turabizi ko iyo ikintu gishyizwe munsi yizuba, cyakira urumuri rwizuba muburyo bubiri, kimwe ni urumuri rwizuba, ikindi nikwirakwiza urumuri rwizuba nyuma yo gutatanwa nibindi bintu hejuru. Mubihe bisanzwe, urumuri rutaziguye rugera kuri 80% yumucyo wakiriwe nizuba. Kubwibyo, ibiganiro byacu bikurikira bizibanda kandi ku guhura nizuba.

Imbaraga nubunini bwurumuri rwizuba birashobora kugaragazwa nubushyuhe bwimirasire, aribwo imbaraga zumucyo kuburebure bwumurambararo kuri buri gace (W / ㎡um). Ubukomezi bwizuba ryizuba (W / ㎡) nigiteranyo cyuburebure bwumurambararo wa ecran yamurika. Kumurika urumuri rw'izuba bifitanye isano n'umwanya wapimwe hamwe n'inguni y'izuba ugereranije n'ubuso bw'isi. Ni ukubera ko urumuri rw'izuba ruzakirwa kandi rugatatanwa n'ikirere mbere yo kugera ku isi. Ibintu bibiri byumwanya nu mfuruka bigaragazwa mubisanzwe byitwa ikirere (AM). Kumurika izuba, AMO bivuga uko ibintu byifashe mu kirere iyo izuba rirashe. Ubucucike bwacyo bugera kuri 1353 W / ㎡, ibyo bikaba bihwanye nisoko yumucyo ikorwa nimirasire ya blackbody hamwe nubushyuhe bwa 5800K. AMI bivuga uko ibintu bimeze ku isi, iyo izuba rirashe mu buryo butaziguye, ubukana bw'urumuri ni 925 W / m2. AMI.5 bivuga uko ibintu bimeze ku isi, iyo izuba ribaye ku nguni ya dogere 45, ubukana bw'urumuri ni 844 W / m2. AM 1.5 isanzwe ikoreshwa mugushushanya impuzandengo yumucyo wizuba hejuru yisi. Imirasire y'izuba izuba:

Iyo nta mucyo, selile yizuba yitwara nka diode ya pn. Umubano-voltage umubano wa diode nziza urashobora kugaragazwa nk

Aho mpagarariye ikigezweho, V igereranya voltage, Ese niyuzura ryuzuye, na VT = KBT / q0, aho KB ihagarariye BoItzmann ihoraho, q0 nikintu cyamashanyarazi, naho T nubushyuhe. Ku bushyuhe bwicyumba, VT = 0.026v. Twabibutsa ko icyerekezo cya Pn diode igezweho isobanurwa gutemba kuva P-ubwoko ukajya kuri n-bwoko mubikoresho, kandi indangagaciro nziza nibibi bya voltage bisobanurwa nkibishobora kuba P-terminal. ukuyemo n-ubwoko bwa terminal bushoboka. Kubwibyo, niba iki gisobanuro gikurikijwe, mugihe ingirabuzimafatizo yizuba ikora, imbaraga zayo za voltage ninziza, agaciro kayo ni keza, naho umurongo wa IV uri muri quadrant ya kane. Basomyi bagomba kwibutswa hano ko icyitwa diode cyiza gishingiye kumiterere myinshi yumubiri, kandi diode isanzwe izaba ifite ibintu bimwe na bimwe bidafite aho bihuriye bigira ingaruka kumubano wa voltage yumuriro wigikoresho, nkibisekuru-byiyongera, hano twatsinze ' kubiganiraho cyane. Iyo selile yizuba ihuye numucyo, hazaba fotokurrent muri pn diode. Kuberako ibyubatswe mumashanyarazi icyerekezo cya pn iva kuri n-ubwoko kugeza p-ubwoko, electron-umwobo byombi biterwa no kwinjiza fotone biziruka bigana ku n-bwoko bwa n, mu gihe ibyobo bizagenda byerekeza kuri p. -ubwoko bwanyuma. Photocurrent yakozwe na byombi izatemba kuva n-ubwoko bwa p-bwoko. Mubisanzwe, icyerekezo cyerekezo cyerekezo cya diode gisobanurwa nkigenda kuva p-ubwoko bugana n-bwoko. Muri ubu buryo, ugereranije na diode nziza, Photocurrent ikorwa ningirabuzimafatizo yizuba iyo imurikirwa numuyoboro mubi. Isano iriho-voltage yumubumbe wizuba ni diode nziza wongeyeho na fotokopi ya IL itari nziza, ubunini bwayo ni:

Muyandi magambo, iyo nta mucyo, IL = 0, ingirabuzimafatizo izuba ni diode isanzwe. Iyo imirasire y'izuba ari izunguruka-ngufi, ni ukuvuga, V = 0, umuyoboro mugufi ni Isc = -IL. Nukuvuga ko, iyo selile yizuba izengurutswe mugihe gito, umuyoboro mugufi ni fotokorent itangwa numucyo wibyabaye. Niba imirasire y'izuba ifunguye umuzenguruko, ni ukuvuga, niba I = 0, amashanyarazi yayo afunguye ni:

Igicapo 2. Umuzunguruko uhwanye ningirabuzimafatizo yizuba: (a) udafite, (b) hamwe nuruhererekane hamwe na shunt résistants. Hagomba gushimangirwa hano ko gufungura amashanyarazi yumuzunguruko hamwe numuyoboro mugari ni ibintu bibiri byingenzi biranga izuba.

Amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ni umusaruro w'amashanyarazi na voltage:

Ikigaragara ni uko ingufu zituruka ku mirasire y'izuba ntabwo ari agaciro gahamye. Igera ku giciro kinini kuri point-voltage ikora, kandi imbaraga zisohoka Pmax zishobora kugenwa na dp / dv = 0. Turashobora kwemeza ko ibisohoka voltage kumasoko ntarengwa asohoka Pmax ni:

n'ibisohoka bigezweho ni:

Imbaraga ntarengwa zisohoka izuba ni:

Imikorere ya selile yizuba yerekeza ku kigereranyo cya selile yizuba ihindura ingufu Pin yumucyo wibyabaye mumashanyarazi ntarengwa asohoka, aribyo:

Ibipimo rusange byizuba byizuba bikoresha isoko yumucyo usa nizuba hamwe na pin = 1000W / ㎡.

Mubigeragezo, isano ya voltage yumubumbe wizuba ntikurikiza rwose ibisobanuro byavuzwe haruguru. Ni ukubera ko igikoresho cya Photovoltaque ubwacyo gifite icyo bita seriveri yo kurwanya no kurwanya shunt. Kubikoresho byose bya semiconductor, cyangwa guhuza hagati ya semiconductor nicyuma, byanze bikunze hazabaho imbaraga nini cyangwa ntoya, izakora urukurikirane rwibikoresho bifotora. Kurundi ruhande, inzira iyariyo yose itari nziza ya Pn diode hagati ya electrode nziza kandi itari nziza yibikoresho bifotora bifotora bizatera icyitwa imyuka yamenetse, nkibisekuru-bisubirana mubikoresho. , Ubuso bwa recombination bugezweho, impande zuzuye zitandukanya igikoresho, hamwe nicyuma cyo guhuza ibyuma.

Mubisanzwe, dukoresha kurwanya shunt kugirango dusobanure imirasire yizuba yizuba, ni ukuvuga Rsh = V / Ileak. Ninini irwanya shunt nini, ntoya yameneka ni. Niba dusuzumye kurwanya hamwe hamwe na shunt irwanya Rsh, isano iriho-voltage ya selile yizuba irashobora kwandikwa nka:

Turashobora kandi gukoresha ibipimo bimwe gusa, ibyo bita kuzuza ibintu, kugirango tuvuge muri make ingaruka zombi zo kurwanya no kurwanya shunt. bisobanuwe nka:

Biragaragara ko ibintu byuzuzanya ari byinshi niba nta seriveri irwanya kandi irwanya shunt itagira iherezo (nta mashanyarazi ava). Ubwiyongere ubwo aribwo bwose bwo kurwanya cyangwa kugabanuka kwa shunt bizagabanya ibintu byuzuye. Muri ubu buryo,. Imikorere ya selile yizuba irashobora kugaragazwa nibintu bitatu byingenzi: gufungura amashanyarazi ya voltage Voc, imiyoboro ngufi ya Isc, no kuzuza ibintu FF.

Biragaragara, kugirango tunoze imikorere yingirabuzimafatizo yizuba, birakenewe ko twongera icyarimwe kongera ingufu zumuzunguruko wumurongo wumuriro, umuyoboro mugufi (ni ukuvuga fotokurrent), no kuzuza ibintu (nukuvuga kugabanya urukurikirane rwimyuka hamwe nu mashanyarazi).

Gufungura amashanyarazi yumuzunguruko hamwe nigihe gito cyumuzunguruko: Urebye kuri formula yabanjirije iyi, umuyagankuba ufunguye wumuzunguruko wizuba bigenwa na fotokorent na selile yuzuye. Urebye kuri fiziki ya semiconductor, voltage yumuzunguruko ifunguye ingana na Fermi itandukaniro ryingufu hagati ya electron nu mwobo mukarere ka charge yumwanya. Kubijyanye no kwiyuzuzamo kwa Pn diode nziza, urashobora gukoresha:

Kugaragaza. aho q0 igereranya ibice byishyurwa, ni igereranya ubwikorezi bwimbere bwikwirakwizwa rya semiconductor, ND na NA buri kimwe kigereranya kwibumbira hamwe kwabaterankunga hamwe nuwakiriye, Dn na Dp buri kimwe kigereranya coefficient de diffuzione ya electron nu mwobo, imvugo yavuzwe haruguru ifata n - Urubanza aho ubwoko bwubwoko bwombi hamwe nakarere ka p byombi bigari. Mubisanzwe, kumirasire yizuba ukoresheje p-ubwoko bwa substrate, agace n-agace ni gake cyane, kandi imvugo yavuzwe haruguru igomba guhinduka.

Twabivuze mbere ko iyo imirasire y'izuba imurikirwa, havuka fotokoreri, kandi fotokurenti ni umuyoboro ufunze-umuyoboro uhuza amashanyarazi n’umubumbe w’izuba. Hano tuzasobanura muri make inkomoko ya Photocurrent. Igipimo cyibisekuruza byabatwara mubunini bwumwanya mugihe cyumwanya (unit m -3 s -1) bigenwa na coefficient de coiffure, ni

Muri byo, α byerekana ko coeffisente yo kwinjiza urumuri, aribwo ubukana bwa fotone yibyabaye (cyangwa foton flux density), naho R bivuga coefficente yerekana, bityo ikagaragaza ubukana bwa fotone yibyabaye itagaragaye. Uburyo butatu bwingenzi butanga amafoto ni: ikwirakwizwa ryumuriro wa electroni zitwara abantu bake mukarere ka p, ubwoko bwikwirakwizwa ryimyanda itwara abantu bake mukarere ka n-n, hamwe no gutembera kwa electron nu mwobo mukarere gashinzwe kwishyuza ikirere. ikigezweho. Kubwibyo, gufotora bishobora kugaragazwa nka:

Muri byo, Ln na Lp buri kimwe kigereranya ikwirakwizwa ryuburebure bwa electron mu karere ka p-umwobo nu mwobo mu karere ka n-ubwoko, kandi ni ubugari bwakarere gashinzwe kwishyuza. Mu ncamake y'ibisubizo, tubona imvugo yoroshye kumashanyarazi afunguye:

aho Vrcc igereranya igipimo cya recombination ya electron-umwobo kubice byubunini. Birumvikana ko ibi ari ibisubizo bisanzwe, kubera ko voltage yumuzunguruko ifunguye ihwanye n’itandukaniro ry’ingufu za Fermi hagati ya electron nu mwobo mu karere gashinzwe ikirere, kandi itandukaniro ry’ingufu za Fermi hagati ya electron nu mwobo bigenwa n’igipimo cy’abatwara n’igipimo cya recombination .