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Inverter , bizwi kandi nk'ubugenzuzi bw'amashanyarazi no kugenzura ingufu, ni igice cy'ingenzi cya sisitemu yo gufotora. Igikorwa nyamukuru cya inverteri ya Photovoltaque nuguhindura ingufu za DC zitangwa nizuba ryizuba mumashanyarazi ya AC ikoreshwa nibikoresho byo murugo. Amashanyarazi yose akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba agomba gutunganywa na inverter mbere yuko asohoka hanze. [1] Binyuze mumuzunguruko wuzuye-ikiraro, gutunganya SPWM mubusanzwe bikoreshwa muguhindura modulasi, kuyungurura, kongera ingufu za voltage, nibindi kugirango ubone ingufu za sinusoidal AC zihuye numuriro wumuriro, voltage yagenwe, nibindi kubakoresha sisitemu ya nyuma. Hamwe na inverter, bateri ya DC irashobora gukoreshwa mugutanga ingufu za AC kubikoresho.

Iriburiro:

Sisitemu y'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba igizwe n'imirasire y'izuba, igenzura, inverter na batiri; sisitemu yo kubyara ingufu za DC ntabwo ikubiyemo inverter. Inzira yo guhindura ingufu za AC mumashanyarazi ya DC yitwa gukosorwa, umuzenguruko urangiza umurimo wo gukosora witwa uruziga rukosora, kandi igikoresho gishyira mubikorwa inzira yo gukosora cyitwa igikoresho gikosora cyangwa gikosora. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, inzira yo guhindura ingufu za DC mu mbaraga za AC yitwa inverter, umuzenguruko urangiza imikorere ya inverter witwa inzitizi ya inverter, kandi igikoresho gishyira mubikorwa inverter cyitwa ibikoresho bya inverter cyangwa inverter.

Intangiriro yibikoresho bya inverter ni inverter switch circuit, ivugwa nkumuzunguruko. Uyu muzunguruko urangiza imikorere ya inverter mugukingura no kuzimya amashanyarazi ya elegitoronike. Guhinduranya ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki yo guhinduranya bisaba impanuka zimwe zo gutwara, kandi izo pulses zirashobora guhinduka muguhindura ibimenyetso bya voltage. Umuzunguruko utanga kandi ugenga pulses bakunze kwita kugenzura cyangwa kugenzura. Imiterere shingiro yibikoresho bya inverter ikubiyemo, hiyongereyeho ibyavuzwe haruguru byumuzunguruko no kugenzura umuzenguruko, umuzenguruko wo gukingira, umuzunguruko usohoka, umuzunguruko winjiza, umuzunguruko usohoka, nibindi.

Ibiranga:

Bitewe nuburyo butandukanye bwinyubako, byanze bikunze bizaganisha ku gutandukana kwizuba ryizuba. Kugirango turusheho guhindura imikorere yingufu zizuba mugihe uzirikana isura nziza yinyubako, ibi bisaba gutandukanya inverteri zacu kugirango tugere kuburyo bwiza bwingufu zizuba. Hindura.

Guhinduranya hagati

Inverteri ikomatanyirijwe muri rusange ikoreshwa muri sisitemu y’amashanyarazi manini (> 10kW). Imirongo myinshi ibangikanye ifoto yumurongo ihujwe na DC yinjiza imwe ihuriweho na inverter. Mubisanzwe, ibyiciro bitatu IGBT modules ikoreshwa mumashanyarazi menshi. Utuntu duto dukoresha tristoriste yumurima kandi ugakoresha DSP ihindura mugutezimbere ubwiza bwimbaraga zitangwa kuburyo byegeranye cyane numuyoboro wa sine. Ikintu kinini kiranga imbaraga nyinshi nigiciro gito cya sisitemu. Nyamara, imikorere nubushobozi bwo gukora amashanyarazi ya sisitemu yose ya Photovoltaque bigira ingaruka kumihuza yumurongo wamafoto hamwe nigicucu cyigice. Muri icyo gihe, amashanyarazi yizewe ya sisitemu yose ya Photovoltaque yibasiwe nimikorere mibi yumurwi runaka wamafoto. Icyerekezo cyubushakashatsi buheruka ni ugukoresha umwanya wa vector modulasiyo yo kugenzura no guteza imbere imiterere ya inverteri ya topologiya ihuza kugirango ibone imikorere myiza murwego rwo gutwara ibintu. Kuri SolarMax ihinduranya inverter, agasanduku k'ifoto yerekana ifoto irashobora kwomekwa kugirango ikurikirane buri mugozi wibikoresho bya fotora. Niba imwe mumigozi idakora neza, sisitemu izatanga amakuru yoherezwa kumugenzuzi wa kure, kandi uyu mugozi urashobora guhagarikwa binyuze mugucunga kure, kugirango kunanirwa kwumugozi umwe wifotora bitazagabanya cyangwa ngo bigire ingaruka kumurimo no gusohora ingufu ya sisitemu yose ya Photovoltaque.

Inverter

Imirongo ihindagurika yabaye inverter izwi cyane ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Umugozi inverter ushingiye kubitekerezo. Buri mugozi wa Photovoltaque (1kW-5kW) unyura muri inverter, ufite imbaraga ntarengwa zo gukurikiranwa kumpera ya DC, kandi uhujwe na parike kuri gride ya AC. Amashanyarazi menshi manini yingufu zikoresha imirongo ikoresha inverter. Akarusho nuko itatewe ingaruka na module itandukanye nigicucu hagati yumurongo, kandi mugihe kimwe igabanya uburyo bwiza bwo gukora bwa moderi ya fotovoltaque.

Kudahuza na inverter, bityo byongera ingufu z'amashanyarazi. Izi nyungu tekinike ntabwo zigabanya ibiciro bya sisitemu gusa, ahubwo binongera sisitemu yo kwizerwa. Muri icyo gihe, igitekerezo cya "shobuja-umugaragu" gitangizwa hagati y'imigozi, ku buryo iyo imbaraga z'umugozi umwe muri sisitemu zidashobora gukora umurimo umwe wa inverter, amatsinda menshi y'imigozi y'amafoto ashobora guhuzwa hamwe kugirango yemere umwe cyangwa benshi muribo gukora. , bityo bikabyara ingufu nyinshi z'amashanyarazi. Igitekerezo giheruka ni uko inverters nyinshi zigira "itsinda" hamwe kugirango zisimbuze "umutware-umugaragu", bigatuma sisitemu yizewe.

Inverteri nyinshi

Inverteri ya Multi-string inverter ifata ibyiza bya inverteri hamwe nu mugozi uhinduranya, ikirinda ibibi byayo, kandi irashobora gukoreshwa kuri sitasiyo yamashanyarazi hamwe na kilowat nyinshi. Muri iniverisite-inverteri, imbaraga zinyuranye zumurongo ukurikirana hamwe na DC-kuri-DC zirimo. DC ihindurwamo ingufu za AC binyuze muri DC-to-AC inverter kandi ihujwe na gride. Ibipimo bitandukanye byumurongo wamafoto (urugero: imbaraga zinyuranye zapimwe, umubare utandukanye wa modul kumurongo, abakora modul zitandukanye, nibindi), ubunini butandukanye cyangwa tekinoroji itandukanye ya moderi yifotora, icyerekezo gitandukanye cyumugozi (urugero: iburasirazuba, amajyepfo nuburengerazuba) , impande zinyuranye cyangwa igicucu, birashobora guhuzwa na inverter isanzwe, hamwe numugozi ukorera kumurongo ntarengwa wimbaraga. Mugihe kimwe, uburebure bwumugozi wa DC buragabanuka, bigabanya ingaruka zigicucu hagati yimigozi nigihombo cyatewe no gutandukanya imirongo.

Inverter

Module inverter ihuza buri foto ya fotovoltaque module na inverter, kandi buri module ifite imbaraga zigenga imbaraga zidasanzwe zikurikirana, kugirango module na inverter bifatanye neza. Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa muri 50W kugeza 400W amashanyarazi yamashanyarazi, imikorere yose iri munsi yubunini bwumugozi. Kubera ko zahujwe kuburinganire kuruhande rwa AC, ibi byongera ubunini bwinsinga kuruhande rwa AC kandi bigatuma kubungabunga bigorana. Ikindi kintu kigomba gukemurwa nuburyo bwo guhuza gride neza. Inzira yoroshye ni uguhuza gride itaziguye binyuze muri socket isanzwe ya AC, ishobora kugabanya ibiciro nogushiraho ibikoresho, ariko akenshi ibipimo byumutekano byumuriro wamashanyarazi ahantu hatandukanye ntibishobora kubimwemerera. Mugukora ibyo, isosiyete ikora amashanyarazi irashobora kwanga guhuza byimazeyo ibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi asanzwe murugo. Ikindi kintu kijyanye n'umutekano ni ukumenya niba impinduka yo kwigunga (inshuro nyinshi cyangwa inshuro nke) isabwa cyangwa niba inverter idafite impinduka iremewe. Iyi inverter ikoreshwa cyane murukuta rwikirahure.

Imirasire y'izuba

Imikorere y'izuba riva ku isoko ryerekeza ku isoko ryiyongera ry'izuba riva mu zuba (Photovoltaic inverters) bitewe no gukenera ingufu zishobora kubaho. Kandi izi inverters zisaba gukora cyane kandi byizewe. Imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ikoreshwa muri inverters irasuzumwa kandi amahitamo meza yo guhinduranya no gukosora birasabwa. Imiterere rusange ya inverteri ya fotovoltaque irerekanwa mumashusho 1. Hano haribintu bitatu bitandukanye byo guhitamo. Imirasire y'izuba imurika izuba ryahujwe murukurikirane, kandi buri module ikubiyemo urwego rw'imirasire y'izuba ihuza urukurikirane. Umuyagankuba utaziguye (DC) wakozwe na modules yizuba uri kurutonde rwa volt magana, bitewe nuburyo bwo kumurika module module, ubushyuhe bwutugari n'umubare wa modul uhujwe murukurikirane.

Igikorwa cyibanze cyubu bwoko bwa inverter nuguhindura ibyinjijwe na DC mumashanyarazi ahamye. Iyi mikorere ishyirwa mubikorwa binyuze mu guhinduranya imbaraga kandi bisaba guhinduranya imbaraga na diode yo kongera imbaraga. Mububiko bwambere, kuzamura intambwe bikurikirwa no kwiherera kwuzuye-ikiraro. Intego ya transformateur yuzuye yuzuye ni ugutanga akato. Ihinduka rya kabiri ryuzuye-ikiraro ku bisohoka rikoreshwa muguhindura DC kuva murwego rwa mbere rwuzuye-ikiraro gihinduranya amashanyarazi (AC). Ibisohoka byayungurujwe mbere yo guhuzwa numuyoboro wa gride ya AC ukoresheje iyindi miyoboro ibiri-ihuza relay switch, kugirango itange umutekano muke mugihe habaye amakosa no kwitandukanya na gride itanga nijoro. Imiterere ya kabiri ni gahunda idashyizwe hamwe. Muri byo, amashanyarazi ya AC atangwa bitaziguye na DC ya voltage isohoka murwego rwo kuzamura. Imiterere ya gatatu ikoresha topologiya yuburyo bushya bwo guhinduranya amashanyarazi hamwe na diode yingufu kugirango ihuze imirimo yo kuzamura no kubyaza umusaruro AC muri topologiya yabigenewe, bigatuma inverter ikora neza bishoboka nubwo imikorere yizuba rike cyane. Hafi ya 100% ariko ni ngombwa cyane.Mu Budage, module ya 3kW yashyizwe ku gisenge cyerekera mu majyepfo biteganijwe ko izatanga 2550 kWh ku mwaka. Niba inverter ikora neza ikava kuri 95% ikagera kuri 96%, hiyongeraho 25kWh y'amashanyarazi buri mwaka. Igiciro cyo gukoresha izuba ryiyongera kugirango ubyare 25kWh bihwanye no kongeramo inverter. Kubera ko kongera imikorere kuva 95% kugeza kuri 96% ntabwo bizikuba kabiri ikiguzi cya inverter, gushora imari muri inverter ikora neza ni amahitamo byanze bikunze. Kubishushanyo mbonera bigenda byiyongera, kongera imikorere inverter muburyo buhenze cyane ni igipimo cyingenzi cyo gushushanya. Kubijyanye no kwizerwa nigiciro cya inverter, nibindi bipimo bibiri bishushanya. Ubushobozi buhanitse bugabanya ihindagurika ryubushyuhe hejuru yumuzigo, bityo bikazamura ubwizerwe, ubwo rero aya mabwiriza arafitanye isano. Gukoresha module nabyo bizongera kwizerwa.

Hindura na diode

Topologiya zose zerekanwe zisaba guhinduranya byihuse amashanyarazi. Icyiciro cyo kuzamura hamwe nicyiciro-cyuzuye cyo guhindura icyiciro bisaba guhinduranya byihuse. Mubyongeyeho, abahindura neza bahinduye kuri frequency nkeya (100Hz) guhinduranya nabyo ni ingirakamaro kuri topologiya. Kuri tekinoroji ya silicon iyariyo yose, abahindura uburyo bwiza bwo guhinduranya byihuse bizagira igihombo cyinshi cyogutwara kuruta guhinduranya ibintu byoroheje byo guhinduranya porogaramu.

Icyiciro cyo kuzamura cyashizweho muburyo bukomeza bwo guhindura ibintu. Ukurikije umubare wizuba ryizuba muburyo bukoreshwa muri inverter, urashobora guhitamo gukoresha ibikoresho 600V cyangwa 1200V. Amahitamo abiri yo guhinduranya amashanyarazi ni MOSFETs na IGBTs. Muri rusange, MOSFETs irashobora gukora kumurongo wohinduranya kuruta IGBTs. Byongeye kandi, ingaruka za diode yumubiri zigomba guhora zitaweho: mugihe cyo kuzamura intambwe ntabwo arikibazo kuko diode yumubiri idakora muburyo busanzwe bwo gukora. Igihombo kinini cya MOSFET kirashobora kubarwa uhereye kuri RDS (ON) irwanya-kurwanya, igereranwa n’ahantu heza ho gupfa kumuryango runaka MOSFET. Iyo voltage yagenwe ihindutse kuva kuri 600V ikagera kuri 1200V, igihombo cyo gutwara MOSFET kiziyongera cyane. Kubwibyo, niyo RDS yagenwe (ON) ihwanye, 1200V MOSFET ntabwo iboneka cyangwa igiciro kiri hejuru cyane.

Kugirango uzamure ibintu byahinduwe kuri 600V, superjunction MOSFETs irashobora gukoreshwa. Kuri porogaramu nyinshi zo guhinduranya, tekinoroji ifite igihombo cyiza cyo gutwara. MOSFETs ifite agaciro ka RDS (ON) munsi ya miliohms 100 mumapaki ya TO-220 na MOSFETs ifite agaciro ka RDS (ON) munsi ya miliohms 50 mumapaki TO-247. Imirasire y'izuba isaba guhinduranya ingufu za 1200V, IGBT niyo ihitamo rikwiye. Iterambere ryinshi rya tekinoroji ya IGBT, nka NPT Trench na NPT Field Stop, ryateguwe neza kugirango igabanye igihombo cyogutwara, ariko ku gihombo kinini cyo guhinduranya, ibyo bigatuma bidakwiriye gukoreshwa muri progaramu nyinshi.

Hashingiwe ku buhanga bwa kera bwa NPT planar, hashyizweho igikoresho FGL40N120AND gishobora kunoza imikorere yumuzunguruko wizamura hamwe ninshuro nyinshi zo guhinduranya. Ifite EOFF ya 43uJ / A. Ugereranije nibikoresho bigezweho byikoranabuhanga, EOFF ni 80uJ / A, ariko igomba kuboneka Ubwoko bwimikorere buragoye cyane. Ikibi cyigikoresho cya FGL40N120AND ni uko kugabanuka k'umubyigano wa VCE (SAT) (3.0V na 2.1V kuri 125ºC) ari mwinshi, ariko igihombo cyayo cyo guhinduranya gake kuri moteri nyinshi zo guhinduranya cyane kuruta kuzuza ibi. Igikoresho kandi gihuza diode irwanya parallel. Mubikorwa bisanzwe byo kuzamura, iyi diode ntabwo izakora. Ariko, mugihe cyo gutangira cyangwa mugihe cyinzibacyuho, birashoboka ko imbaraga zumuzunguruko zishobora gutwarwa muburyo bukora, muricyo gihe anti-parallel diode izakora. Kubera ko IGBT ubwayo idafite diode yumubiri yihariye, iyi diode ifatanije irasabwa kugirango imikorere yizewe. Kugirango uzamure diode, diode isubirana vuba nka Stealth ™ cyangwa karubone silicon diode irakenewe. Diode ya karubone-silicon ifite imbaraga nke cyane imbere yimbere hamwe nigihombo. Mugihe uhitamo diode yongerera imbaraga, ingaruka zo kugarura ibintu (cyangwa guhuza ubushobozi bwa diode ya karubone-silicon) kuri moteri yo kuzamura bigomba gusuzumwa, kuko ibyo bizavamo igihombo cyinyongera. Hano, hashyizweho uburyo bushya bwa Steode II diode FFP08S60S irashobora gutanga imikorere ihanitse. Iyo VDD = 390V, ID = 8A, di / dt = 200A / us, n'ubushyuhe bw'imanza ni 100ºC, igihombo cyo kubara kibarwa kiri munsi ya FFP08S60S ya 205mJ. Ukoresheje ISL9R860P2 Ububiko bwa diode, agaciro kagera kuri 225mJ. Kubwibyo, ibi kandi bitezimbere imikorere ya inverter kumurongo mwinshi wo guhinduranya.

Guhindura ikiraro na diode

Nyuma ya MOSFET yuzuye-ikiraro cyo kuyungurura, ikiraro gisohoka gitanga 50Hz ya sinusoidal voltage hamwe nikimenyetso kigezweho. Gushyira mubikorwa rusange ni ugukoresha ibisanzwe byuzuye byubaka (Ishusho 2). Mu gishushanyo, niba abahindura iburyo hejuru ibumoso no hepfo iburyo bafunguye, voltage nziza yapakiwe hagati ibumoso n’iburyo; niba abahindura iburyo hejuru no hepfo ibumoso bafunguye, voltage itari nziza yapakiwe hagati ibumoso niburyo. Kuri iyi porogaramu, icyerekezo kimwe gusa kiri mugihe runaka. Ihindura imwe irashobora guhindurwa kuri PWM inshuro nyinshi naho ubundi igahinduka kuri 50Hz. Kubera ko bootstrap umuzenguruko ushingiye kumihindagurikire yibikoresho byo hasi, ibikoresho byo hasi byahinduwe kuri PWM yumurongo mwinshi, mugihe ibikoresho byo murwego rwohejuru byahinduwe kuri 50Hz nkeya. Iyi porogaramu ikoresha amashanyarazi ya 600V, bityo 600V superjunction MOSFET irakwiriye cyane kuri iki gikoresho cyihuta cyane. Kuberako ibyo bikoresho byo guhinduranya bizahangana nuburyo bwuzuye bwo kugarura ibintu bindi bikoresho mugihe ucyuye, ibikoresho byogusubirana byihuse nka 600V FCH47N60F nibyiza guhitamo. RDS yayo (ON) ni miliohms 73, kandi igihombo cyayo ni gito cyane ugereranije nibindi bikoresho bisa byihuse. Iyo iki gikoresho gihindutse kuri 50Hz, nta mpamvu yo gukoresha uburyo bwihuse bwo kugarura ibintu. Ibi bikoresho bifite dv / dt nziza na di / dt biranga, bitezimbere sisitemu yo kwizerwa ugereranije na MOSFETs isanzwe.

Ubundi buryo bukwiye gushakisha ni ugukoresha ibikoresho bya FGH30N60LSD. Ni 30A / 600V IGBT hamwe na voltage yuzuye VCE (SAT) ya 1.1V gusa. Igihombo cyayo cyo kuzimya EOFF ni ndende cyane, igera kuri 10mJ, bityo rero irakwiriye gusa guhinduranya imirongo mike. MOSFET ya miliohm 50 ifite RDS (ON) ya miliohms 100 ku bushyuhe bwo gukora. Kubwibyo, kuri 11A, ifite VDS imwe na VCE (SAT) ya IGBT. Kubera ko iyi IGBT ishingiye ku buhanga bwa kera bwo gusenyuka, VCE (SAT) ntabwo ihinduka cyane hamwe n'ubushyuhe. Iyi IGBT rero igabanya igihombo rusange muri kiraro gisohoka, bityo bikongera imikorere rusange ya inverter. Kuba FGH30N60LSD IGBT ihinduranya ikorana buhanga rya tekinoroji ikajya mubindi topologiya yabigenewe buri gice cyinzira nabyo ni ingirakamaro. IGBTs ikoreshwa hano nka sisitemu ya topologiya. Kuburyo bwihuse, ibikoresho bisanzwe kandi byihuse byo kugarura ibikoresho birakoreshwa. Kuri 1200V yihariye topologiya nuburyo bwuzuye-ikiraro, FGL40N120AND yavuzwe haruguru ni switch ikwiranye cyane nizuba rishya ryumuriro mwinshi. Iyo tekinoroji yihariye isaba diode, Ubujura bwa II, Hyperfast ™ II diode na karubone-silicon diode nibisubizo byiza.

imikorere:

Inverter ntabwo ifite imikorere ya DC gusa kugirango ihindurwe AC, ahubwo ifite n'umurimo wo kugabanya imikorere yimirasire yizuba hamwe numurimo wo kurinda amakosa ya sisitemu. Muncamake, hariho ibikorwa byikora byikora no guhagarika, ibikorwa ntarengwa byo kugenzura imbaraga zo kugenzura, ibikorwa byigenga byo gukumira ibikorwa (kuri sisitemu ihujwe na gride), imikorere yo guhinduranya amashanyarazi mu buryo bwikora (kuri sisitemu ihujwe na gride), imikorere ya DC yo kumenya (kuri sisitemu ihuza gride ), hamwe na DC gutahura ubutaka. Imikorere (kuri sisitemu ihujwe na sisitemu). Hano hari intangiriro ngufi kubikorwa byikora byikora no guhagarika hamwe nibikorwa byinshi byo kugenzura imbaraga.

Igikorwa cyikora no guhagarika imikorere: Nyuma yizuba rirashe mugitondo, ubukana bwimirasire yizuba bwiyongera buhoro buhoro, kandi umusaruro wizuba nawo uriyongera. Iyo imbaraga zisohoka zisabwa kubikorwa bya inverter zagerwaho, inverter ihita itangira gukora. Nyuma yo kwinjira mubikorwa, inverter izagenzura ibisohoka mumirasire y'izuba igihe cyose. Igihe cyose imbaraga zisohoka zizuba modules iruta imbaraga zisohoka zisabwa kubikorwa bya inverter, inverter izakomeza gukora; bizahagarara kugeza izuba rirenze, nubwo Inverter nayo ishobora gukora muminsi yimvura. Iyo imirasire y'izuba isohotse iba ntoya hanyuma inverter isohoka yegereye 0, inverter yinjira muburyo buhagaze.

Igikorwa ntarengwa cyo kugenzura ingufu: Ibisohoka mumirasire y'izuba birahinduka hamwe nuburemere bwimirasire yizuba hamwe nubushyuhe bwa module yizuba ubwayo (ubushyuhe bwa chip). Mubyongeyeho, kubera ko modul selile izuba ifite ibiranga ko voltage igabanuka uko bigenda byiyongera, hari ahantu heza ho gukora hashobora kubona ingufu ntarengwa. Imbaraga z'imirasire y'izuba zirahinduka, kandi biragaragara ko ahantu heza ho gukorera hanahinduka. Bifitanye isano nizi mpinduka, aho akazi ka module yizuba ihora ibikwa kumurongo ntarengwa w'amashanyarazi, kandi sisitemu ihora ibona ingufu zituruka kumirasire y'izuba. Ubu bwoko bwo kugenzura nubushobozi ntarengwa bwo gukurikirana. Ikintu kinini kiranga inverter zikoreshwa muri sisitemu yo gutanga ingufu z'izuba ni uko zirimo imikorere ntarengwa yo gukurikirana (MPPT).

Ubwoko

Icyiciro cyo gusaba

(1) Inverter isanzwe

DC 12V cyangwa 24V yinjiza, AC 220V, 50Hz isohoka, ingufu kuva 75W kugeza 5000W, moderi zimwe zifite AC na DC ihinduka, ni ukuvuga imikorere ya UPS.

(2) Inverter / charger yose-muri-imwe imashini

Muri ubu bwoko bwa inverter, abayikoresha barashobora gukoresha uburyo butandukanye bwingufu za AC imizigo: mugihe hari ingufu za AC, ingufu za AC zikoreshwa mugukoresha imizigo binyuze muri inverter, cyangwa kwishyuza bateri; iyo nta mbaraga za AC, bateri ikoreshwa mugukoresha AC umutwaro. . Irashobora gukoreshwa ifatanije nimbaraga zitandukanye: bateri, generator, imirasire yizuba hamwe na turbine yumuyaga.

(3) Inverter idasanzwe ya posita n'itumanaho

Tanga iniverisite yo mu rwego rwo hejuru 48V ya serivisi ya posita n'itumanaho. Ibicuruzwa bifite ireme ryiza, byizewe cyane, modular (module ni 1KW) inverters, kandi ifite imikorere ya N + 1 kandi irashobora kwagurwa (imbaraga kuva 2KW kugeza 20KW). ).

(4) Inverter idasanzwe yindege nigisirikare

Ubu bwoko bwa inverter bufite 28Vdc yinjiza kandi irashobora gutanga ibisubizo bya AC bikurikira: 26Vac, 115Vac, 230Vac. Ibisohoka inshuro zishobora kuba: 50Hz, 60Hz na 400Hz, naho ingufu zisohoka kuva 30VA kugeza 3500VA. Hariho kandi DC-DC ihindura hamwe na frequency ihindura indege.

Ibisohoka byasohotse

(1) Inverter ya kare

AC voltage yumurongo usohoka ukoresheje kwaduka kwaduka inverter ni kare. Inzira ya inverter ikoreshwa nubu bwoko bwa inverter ntabwo ihwanye neza, ariko ibisanzwe ni uko umuzenguruko woroshye ugereranije numubare wamashanyarazi akoreshwa ni muto. Imbaraga zo gushushanya muri rusange ziri hagati ya watt ijana na kilowatt imwe. Ibyiza bya kare kwaduka inverter ni: umuzunguruko woroshye, igiciro gihenze no kubungabunga byoroshye. Ikibi ni uko voltage yumurongo wa kwadiri irimo umubare munini wubwuzuzanye bwo murwego rwohejuru, bizatanga igihombo cyinshi mubikoresho bitwara imizigo hamwe na inductor cyangwa ibyuma bihindura ibyuma, bitera kwivanga kumaradiyo nibikoresho bimwe na bimwe byitumanaho. Mubyongeyeho, ubu bwoko bwa inverter bufite ibitagenda neza nkurwego rudahagije rwo kugenzura ingufu za voltage, imikorere yo kurinda ituzuye, hamwe n urusaku rwinshi.

(2) Intambwe yimbere

AC voltage yumurongo usohoka kubwubu bwoko bwa inverter nintambwe. Hariho imirongo myinshi itandukanye kugirango inverter imenye intambwe yasohotse, kandi umubare wintambwe mubisohoka byahindutse bitandukanye cyane. Ibyiza byintambwe ya inverter ni uko ibisohoka byahinduwe neza cyane ugereranije na kwaduka kwaduka, kandi ibintu biri murwego rwo hejuru bihuza bigabanuka. Iyo intambwe igeze kuri 17, ibisohoka bisohoka birashobora kugera kumurongo wa sinasi. Iyo impinduka zidahinduka zikoreshwa, imikorere rusange iba hejuru cyane. Ikibi ni uko urwego rwumuzunguruko urwego rwumuzunguruko rukoresha imiyoboro myinshi yo guhinduranya amashanyarazi, kandi bimwe muburyo bwumuzunguruko bisaba ibyiciro byinshi byinjiza ingufu za DC. Ibi bizana ibibazo mumatsinda hamwe no kwifashisha imirasire y'izuba hamwe no kwishyiriraho ingufu za bateri. Mubyongeyeho, voltage yumurongo wintambwe iracyafite interineti yihuta cyane kumaradiyo nibikoresho bimwe byitumanaho.

Sine wave inverter

AC voltage waveform isohoka na sine wave inverter ni sine wave. Ibyiza bya sine wave inverter nuko ifite umusaruro mwiza wo gusohora, kugoreka cyane, kutabangamira amaradiyo nibikoresho, n urusaku ruke. Mubyongeyeho, ifite ibikorwa byo kurinda byuzuye hamwe nubushobozi buhanitse. Ibibi ni: umuzenguruko uragoye, bisaba tekinoroji yo kubungabunga cyane, kandi bihenze.

Itondekanya ryubwoko butatu bwa inverters bufasha kubashushanya nabakoresha sisitemu ya fotokoltaque na sisitemu yumuyaga kugirango bamenye kandi bahitemo inverter. Mubyukuri, inverters ifite imiterere imwe iracyafite itandukaniro rinini mumahame yumuzunguruko, ibikoresho byakoreshejwe, uburyo bwo kugenzura, nibindi.

Ubundi buryo bwo gutondeka

1. Ukurikije inshuro zisohoka ingufu za AC, irashobora kugabanywamo ingufu za inverteri yumuriro, inverteri yo hagati hamwe na inverter nyinshi. Inshuro ya power frequency inverter ni 50 kugeza 60Hz; inshuro ya inverteri yo hagati muri rusange ni 400Hz kugeza hejuru ya kHz icumi; inshuro ya inverter yumurongo mwinshi muri rusange irenze kHz icumi kugeza kuri MHz.

2. Ukurikije umubare wibyiciro bisohoka na inverter, irashobora kugabanywamo icyiciro kimwe, inverteri yicyiciro cya gatatu na inverteri nyinshi.

3. Ukurikije aho imbaraga za inverter ziva, zishobora kugabanywamo inverter ikora na pasiporo ihinduka. Inverter iyo ari yo yose yohereza ingufu z'amashanyarazi na inverter kuri gride yinganda zitwa inverter ikora; inverter iyo ari yo yose yohereza ingufu z'amashanyarazi ziva muri inverter ku mutwaro w'amashanyarazi witwa pasive inverter. igikoresho.

4. Ukurikije imiterere yumuzingi nyamukuru wa inverter, irashobora kugabanywamo inverter imwe irangiye, gusunika-gukurura inverter, igice cya kabiri cyikiraro hamwe nikiraro cyuzuye.

5. Ukurikije ubwoko bwibikoresho byingenzi byo guhinduranya inverter, birashobora kugabanywa muri inverter ya thyristor, inverteri ya transistor, inverter yumurima hamwe ninjoro ya bipolar transistor (IGBT). Irashobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri: "igice-kigenzurwa" inverter na "igenzurwa byuzuye" inverter. Iyambere ntabwo ifite ubushobozi bwo kwizimya, kandi ibice bitakaza imikorere yubugenzuzi nyuma yo gufungura, bityo byitwa "igice kigenzurwa" kandi thyristors isanzwe iri muriki cyiciro; icya nyuma gifite ubushobozi bwo kwizimya, ni ukuvuga ko nta gikoresho Igikoresho cyo gufungura no kuzimya gishobora kugenzurwa na electrode igenzura, bityo ikaba yitwa "ubwoko bugenzurwa byuzuye". Imbaraga zingufu za tristoriste hamwe ninzugi zifunguye bi-power transistors (IGBT) zose ziri muriki cyiciro.

6. Dukurikije amashanyarazi ya DC, irashobora kugabanywa muri voltage source inverter (VSI) hamwe na inverter ya none (CSI). Mubyambere, DC ya voltage hafi ya yose, kandi ibisohoka voltage ni guhinduranya kwaduka kwaduka; iheruka, DC ya hafi ihoraho, kandi ibisohoka nibisimburana kwaduka.

7. Ukurikije uburyo bwo kugenzura inverter, burashobora kugabanwa muburyo bwo guhinduranya inshuro (PFM) inverter hamwe na pulse ubugari bwa pulse (PWM) inverter.

8. Ukurikije uburyo bwakazi bwumuzunguruko wa inverter, birashobora kugabanywamo iniverisite ya resonant, ihindagurika ryimikorere ihindagurika kandi ihindagurika ryoroshye.

9. Ukurikije uburyo bwo kugabanura inverter, irashobora kugabanywamo imizigo ihindagurika-yimodoka.

Ibipimo by'imikorere:

Hano hari ibipimo byinshi nuburyo bwa tekiniki busobanura imikorere ya inverter. Hano turatanga gusa ibisobanuro muri make ibipimo bya tekiniki bikunze gukoreshwa mugihe dusuzuma inverter.

1. Ibidukikije kugirango ukoreshe inverter. Ubusanzwe gukoresha imiterere ya inverter: ubutumburuke ntiburenga 1000m, kandi ubushyuhe bwikirere ni 0 ~ + 40 ℃.

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3. Ikigereranyo gisohoka cyumubyigano, muburyo bwagenwe bwemewe bwo guhindagurika kwinjiza kwinjiza voltage ya DC, byerekana agaciro ka voltage yagenwe inverter igomba gushobora gusohoka. Ubusobanuro buhamye bwibisohoka byapimwe agaciro muri rusange bifite ingingo zikurikira:

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4. Ikigereranyo cyasohotse inshuro, inshuro za inverter zisohoka AC voltage igomba kuba igiciro gihamye, mubisanzwe ingufu za 50Hz. Gutandukana bigomba kuba muri ± 1% mubihe bisanzwe byakazi.

5. Ibipimo bisohoka byashyizwe ahagaragara (cyangwa ubushobozi bwo gusohora ibyasohotse) byerekana umusaruro washyizwe ahagaragara wa inverter murwego rwerekanwe ibintu byerekana imbaraga. Ibicuruzwa bimwe bya inverter bitanga ubushobozi busohoka, bugaragara muri VA cyangwa kVA. Ubushobozi bwapimwe bwa inverter ni mugihe ibintu bisohoka imbaraga ari 1 (ni ukuvuga umutwaro urwanya gusa), ibipimo byasohotse byapimwe nigicuruzwa cyibicuruzwa byapimwe.

6. Urutonde rusohoka neza. Imikorere ya inverter ni igipimo cyimbaraga zayo zisohoka nimbaraga zinjiza mugihe cyakazi cyihariye, cyerekanwe muri%. Imikorere ya inverter kubushobozi bwasohotse ni ubushobozi bwuzuye bwo gutwara ibintu, kandi imikorere ya 10% yubushobozi bwasohotse ni ubushobozi buke bwo gutwara ibintu.

7. Ibintu byinshi bihuza ibintu bya inverter. Kuri iniverisite ya sine, munsi yumutwaro urwanya, ibintu byinshi bihuza ibintu bisohoka bigomba kuba ≤10%.

8. Ubushobozi burenze urugero bwa inverter bivuga ubushobozi bwa inverter yo gusohora ibirenze agaciro kateganijwe kugihe mugihe gito mugihe cyagenwe. Ubushobozi burenze urugero bwa inverter bugomba kuba bwujuje ibisabwa munsi yumutwaro wagenwe.

9. Imikorere ya inverter ni igipimo cyibisubizo byimbaraga zinjiza nimbaraga zinjiza imbaraga (cyangwa imbaraga za DC) munsi yumubyigano wagabanijwe, ibisohoka nibisanzwe byerekana imbaraga zumutwaro.

10. Imizigo yingufu zerekana ubushobozi bwa inverter yo gutwara imitwaro ya inductive cyangwa capacitive. Mugihe cyimiterere ya sine, imbaraga zumutwaro ni 0.7 ~ 0.9 (lag), naho igiciro ni 0.9.

11. Fata asimmetrie. Munsi yumutwaro wa 10% asimmetrike, asimmetrie yumusaruro wa voltage yumurongo-uhoraho-ibyiciro bitatu bya inverter bigomba kuba ≤10%.

12. Ibisohoka mu muvuduko wa voltage. Mugihe gisanzwe gikora, ibyiciro bitatu bya voltage iringaniza (igereranyo cyibisubizo bikurikiranye nibintu byiza bikurikirana) ibisohoka na inverter ntibigomba kurenza agaciro kagenwe, mubisanzwe bigaragara muri%, nka 5% cyangwa 8%.

13. Ibiranga intangiriro: Mugihe gisanzwe gikora, inverter igomba kuba ishobora gutangira mubisanzwe inshuro 5 zikurikiranye munsi yumutwaro wuzuye kandi nta mikorere yimikorere.

14. Imikorere yo gukingira, inverter igomba gushyirwaho: kurinda imiyoboro ngufi, kurinda birenze urugero, kurinda ubushyuhe burenze urugero, kurinda umuyaga mwinshi, kurinda amashanyarazi no kurinda igihombo. Muri byo, kurinda ingufu za voltage bisobanura ko kuri inverter zidafite ingamba zo guhagarika ingufu za voltage, hagomba kubaho ingamba zo gukingira ingufu zirenze urugero kugirango zirinde itumanaho ribi kwangirika n’ibisohoka birenze urugero. Kurinda birenze urugero bivuga kurinda birenze urugero inverter, igomba kuba ishobora gukora mugihe gikwiye mugihe umutwaro uri mukuzunguruka mugihe gito cyangwa ikigezweho kirenze agaciro kemewe kugirango kirinde kwangizwa numuyaga mwinshi.

15. Kwivanga no kurwanya-kwivanga, inverter igomba kuba ishobora guhangana nimbogamizi ya electromagnetique mubidukikije muri rusange mubihe bisanzwe byakazi. Imikorere irwanya kwivanga hamwe na electromagnetic ihuza inverter igomba kubahiriza ibipimo bifatika.

16. Inverters idakunze gukoreshwa, gukurikiranwa no kubungabungwa igomba kuba ≤95db; inverters ikoreshwa kenshi, ikurikiranwa kandi ikomeza igomba kuba ≤80db.

17. Erekana, inverter igomba kuba ifite ibikoresho byerekana ibipimo nka AC isohoka ya voltage, ibisohoka nibisohoka inshuro nyinshi, hamwe nibimenyetso byerekana ibyinjijwe bizima, imbaraga hamwe nikibazo.

18. Igikorwa cy'itumanaho. Imikorere yitumanaho ya kure yemerera abakoresha kugenzura imashini ikora nimibare yabitswe batagiye kurubuga.

19. Kugoreka imiyoboro ihindagurika ya voltage isohoka. Iyo inverter isohoka voltage ni sinusoidal, ntarengwa byemewe kwemererwa kugoreka (cyangwa ibirimo guhuza) bigomba gutomorwa. Mubisanzwe bigaragazwa nkibintu byose bigoretse byo kugoreka ibisohoka voltage, agaciro kayo ntigomba kurenga 5% (10% biremewe gusohora icyiciro kimwe).

20. Gutangira ibiranga, biranga ubushobozi bwa inverter yo gutangirana numutwaro nibikorwa byayo mugihe gikora. Inverter igomba kwemeza kwizerwa guhera munsi yumutwaro wagenwe.

21. Urusaku. Impinduka, iyungurura amashanyarazi, amashanyarazi ya electronique, abafana nibindi bikoresho mubikoresho bya elegitoroniki byose bitanga urusaku. Iyo inverter ikora mubisanzwe, urusaku rwayo ntirugomba kurenga 80dB, kandi urusaku rwa inverter nto ntirurenga 65dB.

Ibiranga Bateri:

Bateri ya PV

Gutezimbere imirasire y'izuba, ni ngombwa kubanza kumva ibintu bitandukanye biranga imirasire y'izuba (selile PV). Rp na Rs ni parasitike irwanya, itagira iherezo na zeru mubihe byiza.

Ubwinshi bwurumuri nubushyuhe birashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere ya selile PV. Ibiriho biragereranya nubucyo bwumucyo, ariko impinduka mumucyo ntacyo zigira kuri voltage ikora. Nyamara, voltage ikora iterwa nubushyuhe. Ubwiyongere bwubushyuhe bwa bateri bugabanya voltage ikora ariko ntigire ingaruka nke kubyakozwe. Igishushanyo gikurikira kirerekana ingaruka zubushyuhe n'umucyo kuri moderi ya PV.

Imihindagurikire yumucyo igira ingaruka zikomeye kumashanyarazi asohoka kuruta guhinduka kwubushyuhe. Ibi nukuri kubikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa PV. Ingaruka zingenzi zo guhuza izi ngaruka zombi nuko imbaraga za selile PV zigabanuka hamwe no kugabanya ubukana bwurumuri na / cyangwa kongera ubushyuhe.

Ingingo ntarengwa (MPP)

Imirasire y'izuba irashobora gukora hejuru yumurongo wa voltage numuyoboro. MPP igenwa no gukomeza kongera umutwaro urwanya selile imurikirwa kuva kuri zeru (ibintu bigufi byumuzunguruko) kugeza ku giciro cyo hejuru cyane (ibintu byafunguye umuzunguruko). MPP niho ikorera V x I igera ku giciro cyayo kinini kandi kuri ubu buryo bwo kumurika imbaraga ntarengwa zishobora kugerwaho. Imbaraga zisohoka mugihe umuzunguruko mugufi (PV voltage ihwanye na zeru) cyangwa uruziga rufunguye (PV igereranya zeru) ibyabaye ni zeru.

Imirasire y'izuba ya monocrystalline yo mu rwego rwo hejuru itanga ingufu z'umuzunguruko ufunguye wa 0,60 volt ku bushyuhe bwa 25 ° C. Hamwe nimirasire yizuba hamwe nubushyuhe bwikirere bwa 25 ° C, ubushyuhe bwakagari runaka bushobora kuba hafi ya 45 ° C, bizagabanya ingufu zumuzunguruko ufunguye kugera kuri 0.55V. Mugihe ubushyuhe bwiyongereye, voltage yumuzunguruko ikomeza kugabanuka kugeza PV Module ngufi.

Imbaraga ntarengwa ku bushyuhe bwa bateri ya 45 ° C mubusanzwe ikorwa kuri 80% ifunguye yumuzunguruko hamwe na 90% bigufi. Umuyoboro mugari wa bateri hafi ya hafi yo kumurika, kandi umuyagankuba ufunguye wumuzunguruko urashobora kugabanukaho 10% gusa mugihe urumuri rugabanutseho 80%. Batteri yo mu rwego rwo hasi izagabanya voltage byihuse mugihe ikigezweho cyiyongereye, bityo bigabanye ingufu ziboneka. Ibisohoka byagabanutse kuva kuri 70% bigera kuri 50%, cyangwa 25% gusa.

Imirasire y'izuba igomba kwemeza ko moderi ya PV ikorera kuri MPP igihe icyo aricyo cyose kugirango ingufu nyinshi zishobore kuboneka muri moderi ya PV. Ibi birashobora kugerwaho ukoresheje ingufu ntarengwa zo kugenzura imbaraga, bizwi kandi nka Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT). Kugera ku kigereranyo kinini cya MPP ikurikirana bisaba kandi ko PV isohoka ya voltage ripple iba nto bihagije kuburyo amashanyarazi ya PV adahinduka cyane mugihe akorera hafi yumuriro ntarengwa.

Umuvuduko wa MPP wa moderi ya PV mubisanzwe urashobora gusobanurwa murwego rwa 25V kugeza 45V, hamwe ningufu zamashanyarazi zigera kuri 250W hamwe numuyoboro wumurongo ufunguye uri munsi ya 50V.

Koresha no kubungabunga:

Koresha

1. Huza kandi ushyire ibikoresho neza ukurikije ibisabwa mubikorwa bya inverter hamwe nubuyobozi bwo kubungabunga. Mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho, ugomba kugenzura neza: niba diameter ya wire yujuje ibisabwa; niba ibice hamwe na terefone birekuye mugihe cyo gutwara; niba ibice bikingiwe neza; niba sisitemu ishingiro ryujuje amabwiriza.

2. Inverter igomba gukoreshwa kandi igakoreshwa cyane ukurikije amabwiriza yo gukoresha no kuyitaho. By'umwihariko: mbere yo gufungura imashini, witondere niba voltage yinjira ari ibisanzwe; mugihe gikora, witondere niba urukurikirane rwo kuzimya no kuzimya imashini arukuri, kandi niba ibimenyetso bya buri metero numucyo byerekana nibisanzwe.

3. Inverters muri rusange ifite uburinzi bwikora kugirango isenyuke ryumuzunguruko, birenze urugero, birenze urugero, ubushyuhe bwinshi nibindi bintu, iyo rero ibi bintu bibaye, nta mpamvu yo gufunga intoki; ingingo zo gukingira kurinda byikora zashyizwe muruganda, kandi nta mpamvu yo kongera Guhindura.

4. Hano hari voltage nini muri kabili ya inverter. Abakora muri rusange ntibemerewe gukingura umuryango w’abaminisitiri, kandi umuryango w’abaminisitiri ugomba gufungwa mu bihe bisanzwe.

5. Iyo ubushyuhe bwicyumba burenze 30 ° C, hagomba gufatwa ingamba zo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe no gukonjesha kugirango hirindwe ibikoresho kandi byongere ubuzima bwibikoresho.

Kubungabunga no kugenzura

1. Buri gihe ugenzure niba insinga za buri gice cya inverter zikomeye kandi niba hari ubunebwe. By'umwihariko, umufana, module module, iyinjiza ryanyuma, ibisohoka hamwe nubutaka bigomba kugenzurwa neza.

2. Impuruza imaze kuzimya, ntabwo yemerewe gutangira ako kanya. Impamvu igomba kumenyekana no gusanwa mbere yo gutangira. Igenzura rigomba gukorwa byimazeyo hakurikijwe intambwe zerekanwe mu gitabo cyo gufata neza inverter.

3. Abakoresha bagomba guhabwa amahugurwa yihariye kandi bagashobora kumenya ibitera amakosa rusange no kuyakuraho, nko gusimbuza ubuhanga fus, ibice, nibibaho byangiritse. Abakozi badahuguwe ntibemerewe gukoresha ibikoresho.

4. Niba impanuka ibaye igoye kuyikuraho cyangwa icyateye impanuka idasobanutse, hagomba kubikwa inyandiko zirambuye zimpanuka kandi uwakoze inverter agomba kumenyeshwa mugihe gikwiye kugirango gikemuke.