Kugawana chithunzi cha charger cha solar

Abatire ya solar charger ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yadzuwa polipira ndipo nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi solar panel, chowongolera komanso batire. Mfundo yake yogwirira ntchito ndikusintha mphamvu ya dzuwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi, ndikusunga mphamvu yamagetsi mu batri kudzera pa chowongolera. Pamene kulipiritsa kumafunika, polumikiza zipangizo zolipiritsa zofananira (monga mafoni a m'manja, mapiritsi, ndi zina zotero), mphamvu yamagetsi mu batri idzasamutsidwa ku zipangizo zopangira ndalama.

Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya ma charger a solar imachokera ku mphamvu ya photovoltaic, yomwe ndi yakuti pamene kuwala kwa dzuwa kugunda gulu la dzuwa, mphamvu yowunikira imasandulika kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi. Mphamvu yamagetsi iyi idzakonzedwa ndi wowongolera, kuphatikiza kusintha ma voltage ndi magawo apano kuti atsimikizire kuti kulipiritsa kotetezeka komanso koyenera. Cholinga cha batire ndikusunga mphamvu yamagetsi kuti ipereke mphamvu pakakhala kuwala kochepa kapena kulibe dzuwa.

Ma charger a solar ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza koma osalekezera kumadera awa:

Zida zakunja: monga mafoni a m'manja, mapiritsi, makamera, tochi, ndi zina zotero, makamaka kuthengo kapena kumalo komwe kulibe njira zina zolipirira.

Magalimoto amagetsi a dzuwa ndi zombo zoyendera dzuwa: Amapereka mphamvu zowonjezera ku mabatire a zidazi.

Magetsi am'misewu a dzuwa ndi zikwangwani zoyendera dzuwa: amapereka magetsi kudzera mumphamvu ya photovoltaic, kuchepetsa kudalira magetsi achikhalidwe.

Madera akutali kapena mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene: M'malo amenewa, ma charger a ma solar amatha kukhala njira yodalirika yoperekera mphamvu kwa okhalamo.

Mwachidule, chojambulira cha batire ya solar ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa pakulipiritsa. Mfundo yake yogwira ntchito imachokera ku photovoltaic effect kuti atembenuzire mphamvu ya kuwala kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi. Chifukwa chachitetezo cha chilengedwe, kupulumutsa mphamvu komanso kudalirika, ma charger a solar ali ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito magawo osiyanasiyana.

Kenako, mkonzi akugawana nanu zithunzi zoyendera mabatire a solar ndikuwunika mwachidule mfundo zawo zogwirira ntchito.

Kugawana chithunzi cha charger cha solar

Dzuwa la lithiamu-ion batire yozungulira chojambulira (1)

Dongosolo losavuta la batire la lithiamu-ion batire lopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito IC CN3065 yokhala ndi zigawo zochepa zakunja. Derali limapereka magetsi otuluka nthawi zonse ndipo titha kusinthanso kuchuluka kwamagetsi okhazikika kudzera pamtengo wa Rx (pano Rx = R3). Derali limagwiritsa ntchito 4.4V mpaka 6V ya solar panel ngati magetsi olowera,

IC CN3065 ndi yathunthu yanthawi zonse, yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yama batire a single cell Li-ion ndi Li-polymer omwe amatha kuchargeable. IC iyi imapereka chindapusa komanso kumalizidwa kolipiritsa. Imapezeka mu phukusi la 8-pin DFN.

IC CN3065 ili ndi pa-chip 8-bit ADC yomwe imangosintha ma charger potengera kutulutsa kwamagetsi olowera. IC iyi ndi yoyenera kupangira magetsi adzuwa. IC imakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito apano komanso osasinthasintha ndipo imakhala ndi malamulo amatenthedwe kuti achulukitse mitengo yolipiritsa popanda chiwopsezo cha kutentha kwambiri. IC iyi imapereka magwiridwe antchito ozindikira kutentha kwa batri.

Mu gawo ili la lithiamu ion batire ya solar titha kugwiritsa ntchito solar panel iliyonse ya 4.2V mpaka 6V ndipo batire yothamangitsa iyenera kukhala 4.2V lithiamu ion batire. Monga tanena kale, IC CN3065 iyi ili ndi mabatire onse ofunikira pa chip ndipo sitifunikira zida zakunja zambiri. Mphamvu yochokera ku solar panel imayikidwa mwachindunji ku Vin pin kudzera pa J1. C1 capacitor imagwira ntchito yosefera. LED yofiyira ikuwonetsa momwe mukulipiritsa ndipo yobiriwira yobiriwira ikuwonetsa kuti mwamaliza kulipiritsa. Pezani magetsi otulutsa batire kuchokera pa BAT pin ya CN3065. Mayankho ndi zikhomo zozindikira kutentha zimalumikizidwa kudutsa J2.

Chithunzi chozungulira cha batire ya solar (2)

Mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yaulere ya mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa zomwe dziko lapansi lili nalo. Kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi kwakakamiza anthu kufunafuna njira zopezera magetsi kuchokera ku mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu, ndipo mphamvu ya dzuwa ikuwoneka ngati mphamvu yodalirika. Dera lomwe lili pamwambapa liwonetsa momwe mungapangire chozungulira chachaja chamitundu yambiri kuchokera pagawo losavuta la solar.

Derali limakoka mphamvu kuchokera ku solar panel ya 12V, 5W yomwe imasintha mphamvu yowunikira kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi. Diode 1N4001 idawonjezedwa kuti zisasunthike mozungulira, ndikuwononga solar panel.

Cholepheretsa chapano cha R1 chimawonjezedwa ku LED kuti iwonetse komwe kukuyenda kwapano. Kenako pamabwera gawo losavuta la dera, ndikuwonjezera chowongolera chamagetsi kuti chiwongolere voteji ndikupeza mulingo womwe mukufuna. IC 7805 imapereka kutulutsa kwa 5V, pomwe IC 7812 imapereka kutulutsa kwa 12V.

Resistors R2 ndi R3 amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kuyitanitsa komwe kuli pamlingo wotetezeka. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito dera lomwe lili pamwambapa kulipiritsa mabatire a Ni-MH ndi mabatire a Li-ion. Mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito ma IC owonjezera ma voltages kuti mupeze mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagetsi.

Chithunzi chozungulira cha batire ya solar (3)

Kuzungulira kwa batire ya solar si kanthu koma kufananiza kawiri komwe kumalumikiza solar panel ndi batire pomwe voteji pa terminal yomaliza ndi yotsika ndikuyichotsa ngati ipitilira malire ena. Popeza amangoyezera mphamvu ya batire, ndiyoyenera makamaka mabatire otsogolera, zakumwa za electrolyte kapena ma colloids, omwe ali oyenerera njira iyi.

Mphamvu ya batri imasiyanitsidwa ndi R3 ndikutumizidwa kwa ofananitsa awiriwa mu IC2. Ikakhala yotsika kuposa malire omwe amatsimikiziridwa ndi kutulutsa kwa P2, IC2B imakhala yokwera kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsanso kuti IC2C ikhale yokwera kwambiri. T1 imadzaza ndikuyendetsa RL1, kulola solar kuti ipereke batire kudzera pa D3. Mphamvu ya batri ikadutsa malire okhazikitsidwa ndi P1, zotuluka zonse za ICA ndi IC-C zimatsika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti relay itseguke, motero kupewa kudzaza batire pakulipiritsa. Kuti akhazikitse ziwopsezo zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi P1 ndi P2, zimakhala ndi chowongolera chamagetsi chophatikizika IC, chotalikirana kwambiri ndi magetsi a solar panel kudzera pa D2 ndi C4.

Chithunzi chozungulira cha batire ya solar (4)

Ichi ndi chithunzi chojambula chachaja cha batire choyendetsedwa ndi selo limodzi la solar. Derali lidapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito MC14011B yopangidwa ndi ON Semiconductor. CD4093 itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa MC14011B. Mtundu wamagetsi: 3.0 VDC mpaka 18 VDC.

Derali limapereka batire ya 9V pafupifupi 30mA pa amp amp pa 0.4V. U1 ndi quad Schmitt trigger yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati multivibrator yokhazikika kuyendetsa zida za TMOS Q1 ndi Q2. Mphamvu ya U1 imapezeka ku batire ya 9V kudzera pa D4; mphamvu ya Q1 ndi Q2 imaperekedwa ndi cell solar. Ma frequency a multivibrator, otsimikiziridwa ndi R2-C1, amayikidwa ku 180 Hz kuti azitha kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri 6.3V filament transformer T1. Yachiwiri ya thiransifoma imalumikizidwa ndi chiwongolero chokwanira cha mlatho D1 chomwe chimalumikizidwa ndi batire yomwe ikuyitanidwa. Batire yaing'ono ya nickel-cadmium ndi mphamvu yothamangitsira yolephera yomwe imalola kuti makinawo abwererenso pamene batire ya 9V yatulutsidwa.