Momwe mungachepetsere ma cell a solar

Kuwala kwa Dzuwa ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kuti zinthu zonse zikule komanso kukhala ndi moyo. Zikuoneka kuti n'zosatha. Chifukwa chake, mphamvu ya dzuwa yakhala gwero lamphamvu kwambiri la "tsogolo" pambuyo pa mphamvu yamphepo ndi mphamvu yamadzi. Chifukwa chowonjezera mawu akuti "m'tsogolo" ndikuti mphamvu ya dzuwa idakali yakhanda. Ndipo ngakhale mphamvu zamagetsi zoyendera dzuwa zili ndi zabwino zambiri, makampani opanga mphamvu zamagetsi am'nyumba zakhala zikuchulukirachulukira chifukwa cha kufooka kwa mphamvu zosinthira mphamvu komanso kusagwiritsa ntchito mokwanira zinthu.

Kukula kwa mphamvu ya dzuwa mwina kunayambika pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1800. Panthawiyo, kupangidwa kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya nthunzi kuti apange mphamvu zamagetsi kunapangitsa anthu kuzindikira kuti mphamvu zotentha ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zimatha kusinthidwa kukhala wina ndi mzake, ndipo mphamvu ya dzuwa ndiyo gwero lachindunji lopangira mphamvu zotentha. Mpaka pano, ma solar panel mwina ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamsika wamba. Amatha kuyamwa kuwala kwa dzuwa ndikusintha mphamvu ya dzuwa mwachindunji kapena mosalunjika kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi kudzera mumphamvu ya photoelectric kapena photochemical effect.

Zambiri mwazinthu zamakono zamagetsi zamakono zimagwiritsa ntchito mabatire a lithiamu omwe amatha kuwonjezeredwa. Makamaka zida zamagetsi zam'manja, chifukwa ndizopepuka, zonyamula komanso zimakhala ndi ntchito zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito, ogwiritsa ntchito samaletsedwa ndi chilengedwe pakagwiritsidwe ntchito, ndipo nthawi yogwira ntchito ndi yayitali. Chifukwa chake, mabatire a lithiamu akhala chisankho chofala kwambiri ngakhale kufooka kwawo kwa batri.

Poyerekeza ndi mabatire a lithiamu, chimodzi mwazoipa za maselo a dzuwa ndi zoonekeratu, ndiko kuti, sangathe kupatukana ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Kutembenuka kwa mphamvu ya dzuwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi kumalumikizidwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa munthawi yeniyeni. Choncho, chifukwa cha mphamvu ya dzuwa, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito masana kapena ngakhale masiku adzuwa. Komabe, mosiyana ndi mabatire a lithiamu, malinga ngati ali ndi mphamvu zokwanira, amatha kumasulidwa ku zovuta za nthawi ndi chilengedwe ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito mosavuta.

Zovuta pa "kuchepetsa"ma cell a dzuwa

Chifukwa ma cell a dzuwa okha sangathe kusunga mphamvu zamagetsi, zomwe ndizovuta kwambiri kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito, ochita kafukufuku adabwera ndi lingaliro logwiritsa ntchito ma cell a dzuwa pamodzi ndi mabatire a ultra-large-capacity. Mabatire a lead-acid ndi mtundu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagetsi a solar. Batire yamtundu waukulu wakalasi. Kuphatikiza kwa zinthu ziwirizi kumapangitsa kuti selo lalikulu kwambiri la dzuwa likhale "lalikulu". Ngati mukufuna kuyiyika pazida zam'manja, choyamba muyenera kudutsa njira "yotsitsa".

Chifukwa mphamvu yosinthira mphamvu siikwera, dera la dzuwa la ma cell a dzuwa nthawi zambiri limakhala lalikulu, lomwe ndilo vuto loyamba laukadaulo lomwe amakumana nalo paulendo wawo "wochepetsa". Malire apano a kutembenuka kwa mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi pafupifupi 24%. Poyerekeza ndi kupanga ma solar okwera mtengo, pokhapokha ngati atagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo akuluakulu, ntchito yake idzachepetsedwa kwambiri, osasiya kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zam'manja.

Chifukwa chiwongolero cha kutembenuka kwamphamvu sichokwera, malo a dzuwa a ma cell a solar nthawi zambiri amakhala okulirapo.

Momwe "muchepetse" ma cell a dzuwa?

Kuphatikiza ma cell a solar ndi mabatire a lithiamu omwe amatha kubwezeredwa ndi amodzi mwa njira zamakono zofufuzira ndi chitukuko cha ofufuza asayansi, komanso ndi njira yabwino yolimbikitsira ma cell a solar. Chodziwika kwambiri chonyamula ma cell a solar ndi banki yamagetsi. Potembenuza mphamvu yowunikira kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi ndikuyisunga mu batire ya lithiamu yomangidwa, banki yamagetsi ya dzuwa imatha kulipira mafoni a m'manja, makamera a digito, mapiritsi ndi zinthu zina, zomwe ndizopulumutsa mphamvu komanso zachilengedwe.

Maselo a dzuwa omwe amatha kukwaniritsa mafakitale amagawidwa makamaka m'magulu awiri: gulu loyamba ndi maselo a crystalline silicon, kuphatikizapo polycrystalline silicon ndi maselo a silicon monocrystalline, omwe amawerengera oposa 80% a msika; gulu lachiwiri ndi maselo a filimu woonda, omwe amagawidwanso mu maselo a Amorphous silicon ali ndi ndondomeko yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo, koma mphamvu zawo ndizochepa ndipo pali zizindikiro za kuchepa.

Ma cell a solar opyapyala amangokhuthala mamilimita ochepa chabe ndipo amatha kupindika ndi kupindika. Atha kugwiritsanso ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga gawo lapansi. Amatha kulumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi mabatire a lithiamu kuti azilipiritsa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ma cell a solar amatha kupangidwa kukhala ma charger atsopano okonda zachilengedwe. Ndizothekabe kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, charger yamtunduwu imatha kuperekedwa mosiyanasiyana, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yosavuta kunyamula. Mwachitsanzo, kupachikidwa pa thumba la sukulu kapena zovala zimatha kulipira foni yam'manja, ndipo vuto la moyo wa batri limathetsedwa mosavuta.

Madivelopa ambiri tsopano akukhulupirira kuti mabatire a lithiamu opangidwa ndi graphene ndiwofunikira kwambiri pakuthana ndi vuto la moyo wa batri pazida zamagetsi zam'manja. Ngati kutembenuka kwa ma cell a solar pagawo lililonse kungawongoleredwe bwino, ndiye kuti njira yabwino yopangira mafoni nthawi iliyonse komanso kulikonse idzakhala gwero lamphamvu lamtsogolo. Njira yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito mafunso.

Mwachidule: Mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mphatso yowolowa manja kwambiri yachilengedwe, koma kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zadzuwa sikunadziwikebe. Palinso mavuto okwera mtengo komanso otsika kwambiri osinthika pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa kupanga magetsi. Pokhapokha powonjezera mphamvu ya kutembenuka kwa mphamvu ya dzuwa pagawo lililonse tingathe kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera ndikusintha bwino kuchoka ku mphamvu ya dzuwa kupita ku mphamvu yamagetsi. Panthawiyo, kuyenda kwa maselo a dzuwa sikudzakhalanso vuto.