Kuyamba kwa Encyclopedia kwa ma inverters a solar

Inverter , yomwe imadziwikanso kuti magetsi oyendetsa mphamvu ndi olamulira mphamvu, ndizofunikira kwambiri pa photovoltaic system. Ntchito yayikulu ya inverter ya photovoltaic ndikusintha mphamvu ya DC yopangidwa ndi mapanelo adzuwa kukhala mphamvu ya AC yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zida zapanyumba. Magetsi onse opangidwa ndi ma solar amayenera kukonzedwa ndi inverter asanayambe kutulutsa kudziko lakunja. [1] Kupyolera mu dera lonse la mlatho, pulosesa ya SPWM nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusinthasintha, kusefa, kukwera kwamagetsi, ndi zina zotero kuti apeze mphamvu ya sinusoidal AC yomwe imafanana ndi nthawi yowunikira, magetsi ovotera, ndi zina zotero kwa ogwiritsa ntchito mapeto. Ndi inverter, batire ya DC imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupereka mphamvu ya AC ku zida zamagetsi.

Chiyambi:

Dongosolo lamagetsi a solar AC limapangidwa ndi solar panel, control controller, inverter ndi batri; makina opangira magetsi a solar DC samaphatikizapo inverter. Njira yosinthira mphamvu ya AC kukhala mphamvu ya DC imatchedwa rectification, dera lomwe limamaliza ntchito yokonzanso limatchedwa rectifier circuit, ndipo chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito kukonzanso chimatchedwa chipangizo chokonzanso kapena chokonzanso. Momwemonso, njira yosinthira mphamvu ya DC kukhala mphamvu ya AC imatchedwa inverter, dera lomwe limamaliza ntchito ya inverter limatchedwa inverter circuit, ndipo chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito inverter chimatchedwa zida zosinthira kapena inverter.

Pakatikati pa chipangizo cha inverter ndi inverter switch circuit, yotchedwa inverter circuit. Derali limamaliza ntchito ya inverter poyatsa ndi kuzimitsa chosinthira chamagetsi. Kusintha kwa zida zamagetsi zamagetsi kumafuna ma pulse ena oyendetsa, ndipo ma pulse awa amatha kusinthidwa posintha siginecha yamagetsi. Dera lomwe limapanga ndikuwongolera ma pulse nthawi zambiri limatchedwa control circuit kapena control loop. Kapangidwe koyambira kachipangizo ka inverter kumaphatikizapo, kuwonjezera pa chigawo cha inverter chomwe chatchulidwa pamwambapa, dera lodzitchinjiriza, gawo lotulutsa, gawo lolowera, gawo lotulutsa, ndi zina zambiri.

Mawonekedwe:

Chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana kwa nyumbazi, mosakayikira zipangitsa kuti pakhale mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma solar panel. Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo kusinthika kwa mphamvu ya dzuwa poganizira maonekedwe okongola a nyumbayi, izi zimafuna kuti ma inverters athu azitha kupeza njira yabwino kwambiri ya mphamvu ya dzuwa. Sinthani.

Centralized inversion

Inverter yapakati nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina amagetsi akulu amagetsi (> 10kW). Zingwe zambiri zofananira za photovoltaic zimalumikizidwa ndi kulowetsa kwa DC kwa inverter yapakati yomweyi. Nthawi zambiri, magawo atatu amphamvu a IGBT amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamphamvu kwambiri. Zing'onozing'ono zimagwiritsa ntchito ma transistors a m'munda ndikugwiritsa ntchito owongolera otembenuza a DSP kuti apititse patsogolo mphamvu zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zikhale pafupi kwambiri ndi sine wave current. Chinthu chachikulu ndi mphamvu yapamwamba komanso mtengo wotsika wa dongosolo. Komabe, mphamvu zogwirira ntchito komanso mphamvu zamagetsi zamtundu wonse wa photovoltaic zimakhudzidwa ndi kufanana kwa zingwe za photovoltaic ndi shading pang'ono. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kudalirika kwa mphamvu zamagetsi kwa dongosolo lonse la photovoltaic kumakhudzidwa ndi kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa gulu linalake la photovoltaic unit. Mayendedwe aposachedwa kwambiri a kafukufuku ndikugwiritsa ntchito kuwongolera kwa ma vector mlengalenga komanso kupanga zolumikizira zatsopano za inverter topology kuti zipezeke bwino kwambiri pakalemedwe pang'ono. Pa SolarMax centralized inverter, bokosi la mawonekedwe a photovoltaic array limatha kulumikizidwa kuti liwunikire chingwe chilichonse cha mapanelo apanyanja a photovoltaic. Ngati chimodzi mwa zingwe sichikugwira ntchito bwino, dongosololi lidzatumizidwa kwa wolamulira wakutali, ndipo chingwechi chikhoza kuyimitsidwa kudzera muzitsulo zakutali, kotero kuti kulephera kwa chingwe chimodzi cha photovoltaic sikungachepetse kapena kusokoneza ntchito ndi mphamvu zotulutsa mphamvu. dongosolo lonse la photovoltaic.

Inverter ya chingwe

Ma inverters a zingwe akhala ma inverters otchuka kwambiri pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi. Inverter ya chingwe imatengera lingaliro la modular. Chingwe chilichonse cha photovoltaic (1kW-5kW) chimadutsa pa inverter, chimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zotsatirira kumapeto kwa DC, ndipo chimalumikizidwa mofanana ndi gululi kumapeto kwa AC. Zomera zambiri zamphamvu za photovoltaic zimagwiritsa ntchito ma inverters a zingwe. Ubwino wake ndikuti sichimakhudzidwa ndi kusiyana kwa ma module ndi mithunzi pakati pa zingwe, ndipo nthawi yomweyo imachepetsa njira yabwino yopangira ma module a photovoltaic.

Kusagwirizana ndi inverter, potero kumawonjezera kupanga magetsi. Ubwino waukadaulo uwu sikuti ungochepetsa mtengo wadongosolo, komanso umawonjezera kudalirika kwadongosolo. Pa nthawi yomweyi, lingaliro la "mbuye-kapolo" limayambitsidwa pakati pa zingwe, kotero kuti pamene mphamvu ya chingwe chimodzi mu dongosolo silingathe kupanga inverter imodzi, magulu angapo a zingwe za photovoltaic akhoza kugwirizanitsidwa palimodzi kuti alole kapena ambiri a iwo kugwira ntchito. , potero kumatulutsa mphamvu zambiri zamagetsi. Lingaliro laposachedwa ndiloti ma inverters angapo amapanga "timu" wina ndi mzake kuti alowe m'malo mwa lingaliro la "bwana-kapolo", kupanga dongosolo lodalirika.

Ma inverter angapo

Mipikisano zingwe inverter amatenga ubwino wa centralized inverter ndi chingwe inverter, amapewa kuipa kwawo, ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito malo photovoltaic mphamvu ndi kilowatts angapo. Mu inverter ya zingwe zambiri, kutsata kwamphamvu kosiyanasiyana kwamphamvu ndi zosinthira za DC-to-DC zimaphatikizidwa. DC imasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu ya AC kudzera mu inverter wamba ya DC-to-AC ndikulumikizidwa ku gridi. Mayeso osiyanasiyana a zingwe za photovoltaic (mwachitsanzo mphamvu zovotera zosiyana, chiwerengero chosiyana cha ma modules pa chingwe, opanga ma modules osiyanasiyana, ndi zina zotero), kukula kosiyana kapena matekinoloje osiyanasiyana a photovoltaic modules, machitidwe osiyanasiyana a zingwe (mwachitsanzo: kummawa, kum'mwera ndi kumadzulo) , ma angles osiyanasiyana opendekeka kapena shading, amatha kulumikizidwa ku inverter wamba, chingwe chilichonse chimagwira ntchito pachimake champhamvu kwambiri. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kutalika kwa chingwe cha DC kumachepetsedwa, kuchepetsa mthunzi wa mthunzi pakati pa zingwe ndi kutayika chifukwa cha kusiyana pakati pa zingwe.

chigawo inverter

Inverter ya module imagwirizanitsa gawo lililonse la photovoltaic ku inverter, ndipo gawo lililonse limakhala ndi mphamvu yodziyimira payokha yowunikira mphamvu, kuti module ndi inverter zigwirizane bwino. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo opangira magetsi a 50W mpaka 400W, mphamvu yonseyi ndiyotsika kuposa ya ma inverters a zingwe. Popeza amalumikizidwa mofanana kumbali ya AC, izi zimawonjezera zovuta za waya kumbali ya AC ndipo zimapangitsa kukonza kukhala kovuta. Chinanso chomwe chiyenera kuthetsedwa ndi momwe mungalumikizire gridi mogwira mtima. Njira yosavuta ndiyo kulumikiza gridi molunjika kudzera m'mabotolo wamba a AC, omwe amatha kuchepetsa ndalama ndi kuyika zida, koma nthawi zambiri miyezo yachitetezo cha gululi yamagetsi m'malo osiyanasiyana sangalole. Pochita izi, kampani yamagetsi imatha kutsutsa kulumikizidwa kwachindunji kwa chipangizocho ndi socket wamba yapanyumba. Chinthu china chokhudzana ndi chitetezo ndi chakuti chosinthira chodzipatula (ma frequency apamwamba kapena otsika kwambiri) chimafunika kapena ngati inverter yopanda magetsi imaloledwa. Inverter iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakoma a nsalu zamagalasi.

Mphamvu ya Solar Inverter

Kuchita bwino kwa ma inverters a solar kumatanthauza msika womwe ukukula wa ma solar inverters (photovoltaic inverters) chifukwa cha kufunikira kwa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa. Ndipo ma inverters awa amafunikira kuchita bwino kwambiri komanso kudalirika. Mabwalo amagetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma inverterswa amawunikidwa ndipo zosankha zabwino kwambiri zosinthira ndi zowongolera zimalimbikitsidwa. Mapangidwe ambiri a photovoltaic inverter akuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 1. Pali ma inverters atatu osiyana omwe mungasankhe. Kuwala kwa Dzuwa kumawalira pa ma module a solar olumikizidwa mndandanda, ndipo gawo lililonse limakhala ndi seti ya ma cell a solar olumikizidwa mndandanda. Mphamvu yamagetsi yachindunji (DC) yopangidwa ndi ma module a solar ndi ma volts mazana angapo, malingana ndi kuunikira kwa gawo la module, kutentha kwa ma cell ndi kuchuluka kwa ma module omwe amalumikizidwa mndandanda.

Ntchito yayikulu ya mtundu uwu wa inverter ndikusinthira magetsi olowera a DC kukhala mtengo wokhazikika. Ntchitoyi imayendetsedwa ndi chosinthira chowonjezera ndipo imafuna kusintha kwamphamvu ndi diode yolimbikitsa. Pazomangamanga zoyamba, gawo lolimbikitsira limatsatiridwa ndi chosinthira chokhala ndi mlatho wokhazikika. Cholinga cha transformer yonse ya mlatho ndikupereka kudzipatula. Chosinthira chachiwiri chokhala ndi mlatho wathunthu pazotulutsa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutembenuza DC kuchokera pagawo loyamba la mlatho wathunthu kukhala voteji yapano (AC). Kutulutsa kwake kumasefedwa musanayambe kulumikizidwa ndi netiweki ya gridi ya AC kudzera pakusintha kowonjezera kolumikizirana kawiri, kuti apereke kudzipatula pakakhala vuto komanso kudzipatula pagululi usiku. Kapangidwe kachiwiri ndi dongosolo losadzipatula. Pakati pawo, magetsi a AC amapangidwa mwachindunji ndi kutulutsa kwamagetsi a DC ndi gawo lowonjezera. Kapangidwe kachitatu kamagwiritsa ntchito topology yosinthika yamagetsi ndi ma diode amagetsi kuti aphatikizire magwiridwe antchito a boost ndi magawo amtundu wa AC mu topology yodzipatulira, kupangitsa kuti inverter ikhale yogwira ntchito momwe mungathere ngakhale kusinthika kochepa kwambiri kwa solar panel. Pafupi ndi 100% koma yofunika kwambiri.Ku Germany, gawo la 3kW lokhazikitsidwa padenga lakumwera likuyembekezeka kupanga 2550 kWh pachaka. Ngati mphamvu ya inverter ikuwonjezeka kuchoka pa 95% kufika ku 96%, 25kWh yowonjezera yamagetsi imatha kupangidwa chaka chilichonse. Mtengo wogwiritsa ntchito ma module owonjezera a solar kupanga 25kWh iyi ndi wofanana ndi kuwonjezera chosinthira. Popeza kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito kuchokera ku 95% mpaka 96% sikudzachulukitsa mtengo wa inverter, kuyika ndalama mu inverter yothandiza kwambiri ndi chisankho chosapeŵeka. Kwa mapangidwe omwe akubwera, kukulitsa luso la inverter m'njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri ndiye njira yayikulu yopangira. Ponena za kudalirika ndi mtengo wa inverter, ndi njira zina ziwiri zopangira. Kuchita bwino kwambiri kumachepetsa kusinthasintha kwa kutentha panthawi yonyamula katundu, motero kumapangitsa kudalirika, kotero kuti malangizowa ndi ogwirizana. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma modules kudzawonjezeranso kudalirika.

Limbikitsani kusintha ndi diode

Ma topology onse owonetsedwa amafunikira masiwichi osinthira mphamvu mwachangu. Gawo lolimbikitsa komanso kutembenuka kwa mlatho wonse kumafunikira ma diode osinthira mwachangu. Kuphatikiza apo, ma switch okongoletsedwa osinthika pafupipafupi (100Hz) ndiwothandizanso pazambiri izi. Paukadaulo uliwonse wa silicon, masiwichi okometsedwa kuti azitha kusintha mwachangu amakhala ndi zotayika kwambiri kuposa masiwichi okometsedwa pazosintha zotsika pafupipafupi.

Gawo lokulitsa nthawi zambiri limapangidwa ngati chosinthira chamakono chopitilira. Kutengera kuchuluka kwa ma module adzuwa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu inverter, mutha kusankha kugwiritsa ntchito zida za 600V kapena 1200V. Zosankha ziwiri zosinthira mphamvu ndi ma MOSFET ndi ma IGBT. Nthawi zambiri, ma MOSFET amatha kugwira ntchito pafupipafupi kuposa ma IGBT. Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvu ya diode ya thupi iyenera kuganiziridwa nthawi zonse: pakakhala siteji yowonjezereka, izi siziri vuto chifukwa diode ya thupi silimayendera bwino. Zotayika za MOSFET zitha kuwerengedwa kuchokera pa on-resistance RDS(ON), yomwe ili yolingana ndi malo ofera omwe amathandizira banja la MOSFET. Mphamvu yamagetsi ikasintha kuchoka pa 600V kupita ku 1200V, kutayika kwa MOSFET kumawonjezeka kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale RDS(ON) yovotera ili yofanana, 1200V MOSFET palibe kapena mtengo wake ndiwokwera kwambiri.

Powonjezera ma switch ovotera pa 600V, ma MOSFET apamwamba angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Pazinthu zosinthira pafupipafupi, ukadaulo uwu uli ndi zotayika zabwino kwambiri zoyendetsera. Ma MOSFET okhala ndi mitengo ya RDS (ON) pansi pa 100 milliohms mu TO-220 phukusi ndi MOSFETs okhala ndi RDS (ON) mitengo pansi pa 50 milliohms mu TO-247 phukusi. Kwa ma inverters a dzuwa omwe amafunikira kusintha kwamphamvu kwa 1200V, IGBT ndiye chisankho choyenera. Matekinoloje apamwamba kwambiri a IGBT, monga NPT Trench ndi NPT Field Stop, amakonzedwa kuti achepetse kutayika kwa ma conduction, koma chifukwa cha kutayika kwakukulu, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala osayenerera kukulitsa ntchito pama frequency apamwamba.

Kutengera ukadaulo wakale wa NPT planar, chida cha FGL40N120AND chinapangidwa chomwe chingathe kupititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. Ili ndi EOFF ya 43uJ/A. Poyerekeza ndi zipangizo zamakono zamakono, EOFF ndi 80uJ / A, koma imayenera kupezeka Ntchito yamtunduwu ndi yovuta kwambiri. Zoyipa za chipangizo cha FGL40N120AND ndikuti kutsika kwamagetsi kwa VCE (SAT) (3.0V vs. 2.1V pa 125ºC) ndikwapamwamba, koma kutayika kwake kocheperako pakukweza kwakukulu kosinthira ma frequency kuposa kupanga izi. Chipangizocho chimaphatikizanso anti-parallel diode. Pantchito yowonjezereka yowonjezereka, diode iyi sizichita. Komabe, panthawi yoyambira kapena pakanthawi kochepa, ndizotheka kuti dera lokulitsa liwongoleredwe kukhala logwira ntchito, pomwe ma anti-parallel diode azichita. Popeza IGBT palokha ilibe diode yobadwa nayo, diode yophatikizidwayi ndiyofunika kuti iwonetsetse kuti ikugwira ntchito yodalirika. Kuti muwonjezere ma diode, ma diode ochira mwachangu monga Stealth™ kapena carbon silicon diode amafunikira. Posankha diode yowonjezereka, zotsatira za reverse reverse reverse current (kapena mphambano ya capacitance ya carbon-silicon diode) pa switch switch iyenera kuganiziridwa, chifukwa izi zidzabweretsa kutayika kwina. Apa, Stealth II diode FFP08S60S yomwe yangotulutsidwa kumene imatha kupereka magwiridwe antchito apamwamba. Pamene VDD=390V, ID=8A, di/dt=200A/ife, ndi kutentha kwa mlandu ndi 100ºC, kuwerengetsera kutayika kwakusintha kumakhala kotsika kuposa FFP08S60S parameter ya 205mJ. Pogwiritsa ntchito ISL9R860P2 Stealth diode, mtengo uwu umafika 225mJ. Chifukwa chake, izi zimathandiziranso magwiridwe antchito a inverter pama frequency osintha kwambiri.

Kusintha kwa Bridge ndi diode

Pambuyo pa kusefa kwa mlatho wa MOSFET, mlatho wotuluka umatulutsa 50Hz sinusoidal voltage ndi siginecha yamakono. Kukhazikitsa kofala ndiko kugwiritsa ntchito kamangidwe ka mlatho wokhazikika (Chithunzi 2). Pachithunzichi, ngati ma switch kumtunda kumanzere ndi kumunsi kumanja akuyatsidwa, voteji yabwino imayikidwa pakati pa ma terminals kumanzere ndi kumanja; ngati masiwichi kumtunda kumanja ndi kumanzere kumanzere akuyatsidwa, voteji yoyipa imayikidwa pakati pa ma terminals akumanzere ndi kumanja. Pakugwiritsa ntchito, chosinthira chimodzi chokha chimayatsidwa panthawi inayake. Kusinthana kumodzi kumatha kusinthidwa kukhala ma frequency a PWM ndipo inayo kutsika kwa 50Hz. Popeza dera la bootstrap limadalira kutembenuka kwa zipangizo zotsika, zipangizo zotsika zimasinthidwa ku PWM maulendo apamwamba, pamene zipangizo zamakono zimasinthidwa ku 50Hz otsika. Pulogalamuyi imagwiritsa ntchito chosinthira mphamvu ya 600V, kotero kuti 600V superjunction MOSFET ndiyabwino kwambiri pazida zosinthira zothamanga kwambiri. Chifukwa zida zosinthira izi zitha kupirira kuchira kwathunthu kwa zida zina pomwe switch ikayatsidwa, zida zolumikizirana mwachangu monga 600V FCH47N60F ndi zosankha zabwino. RDS (ON) yake ndi 73 milliohms, ndipo kutayika kwake ndikotsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zida zina zochira mwachangu. Chipangizochi chikatembenuka pa 50Hz, palibe chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito njira yochira mwachangu. Zidazi zili ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri a dv/dt ndi di/dt, zomwe zimathandizira kudalirika kwadongosolo poyerekeza ndi ma MOSFET apamwamba kwambiri.

Njira ina yoyenera kufufuza ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo cha FGH30N60LSD. Ndi 30A/600V IGBT yokhala ndi machulukitsidwe voteji VCE(SAT) okha 1.1V. Kutayika kwake kwa EOFF ndikokwera kwambiri, kufika ku 10mJ, kotero ndikoyenera kokha kutembenuka kwafupipafupi. MOSFET ya 50 milliohm ili ndi RDS (ON) yolimbana ndi 100 milliohms pa kutentha kwa ntchito. Chifukwa chake, pa 11A, ili ndi VDS yofanana ndi VCE(SAT) ya IGBT. Popeza IGBT iyi idakhazikitsidwa ndiukadaulo wakale wowonongeka, VCE(SAT) sisintha kwambiri ndi kutentha. IGBT iyi chifukwa chake imachepetsa kutayika konsekonse mu mlatho wotuluka, potero kukulitsa luso lonse la inverter. Mfundo yakuti FGH30N60LSD IGBT imasintha kuchoka ku teknoloji imodzi yosinthira mphamvu kupita ku topology yodzipatulira pa theka lililonse ndiyothandiza. Ma IGBT amagwiritsidwa ntchito pano ngati ma switch a topological. Kuti musinthe mwachangu, zida zamtundu wamba komanso zachangu zochira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kwa 1200V odzipatulira topology ndi mawonekedwe a mlatho wathunthu, FGL40N120AND yomwe tatchulayi ndi chosinthira chomwe chili choyenera kwambiri ma inverter atsopano a solar. Pamene matekinoloje apadera amafunikira ma diode, Stealth II, Hyperfast™ II diode ndi ma diode a carbon-silicon ndi mayankho abwino.

ntchito:

Inverter sikuti imakhala ndi ntchito ya DC ku AC kutembenuka, komanso imakhala ndi ntchito yowonjezera ntchito ya maselo a dzuwa ndi ntchito ya chitetezo cha machitidwe. Mwachidule, pali ntchito zoyendetsa zokha ndi kuzimitsa, ntchito yoyang'anira mphamvu yayikulu, ntchito yodziyimira payokha (ya makina olumikizidwa ndi gridi), ntchito yosinthira magetsi (yamagetsi olumikizidwa ndi grid), ntchito yozindikira ya DC (yamagetsi olumikizidwa ndi gridi). ), ndi kuzindikira kwapansi kwa DC. Ntchito (yamagetsi olumikizidwa ndi grid). Pano pali chidule chachidule cha ntchito zodziwikiratu zoyendetsa ndi kuzimitsa komanso ntchito yowongolera mphamvu yowunikira.

Kugwira ntchito modzidzimutsa ndi kutseka: Pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa dzuwa m'mawa, mphamvu ya dzuwa imawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kutuluka kwa selo la dzuwa kumawonjezeka. Pamene mphamvu linanena bungwe chofunika ntchito inverter anafika, ndi inverter basi akuyamba kuthamanga. Pambuyo polowa ntchito, inverter idzayang'anira kutuluka kwa ma modules a dzuwa nthawi zonse. Malingana ngati mphamvu yotulutsa ma modules a ma cell a dzuwa ndi yaikulu kuposa mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu yofunikira pa ntchito ya inverter, inverter idzapitiriza kugwira ntchito; imayima mpaka kulowa kwa dzuwa, ngakhale Inverter imathanso kugwira ntchito masiku amvula. Pamene kutulutsa kwa module ya solar kumakhala kochepa ndipo kutulutsa kwa inverter kumayandikira 0, inverter imalowa mu standby state.

Ntchito yowongolera mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri: Kutulutsa kwa module ya solar cell kumasintha ndi kuchuluka kwa ma radiation a solar komanso kutentha kwa solar cell module yokha (chip kutentha). Kuonjezera apo, chifukwa ma modules a solar cell ali ndi khalidwe kuti magetsi amachepetsa pamene akuwonjezeka, pali malo abwino ogwiritsira ntchito omwe angapeze mphamvu zambiri. Kuchuluka kwa ma radiation a dzuwa kukusintha, ndipo mwachiwonekere malo abwino ogwirira ntchito akusinthanso. Zogwirizana ndi kusintha kumeneku, malo ogwirira ntchito a module cell cell nthawi zonse amasungidwa pamtunda waukulu wa mphamvu, ndipo dongosololi nthawi zonse limalandira mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu kuchokera ku module cell solar. Mtundu uwu wa ulamuliro ndi pazipita mphamvu kutsatira ulamuliro. Chinthu chachikulu cha ma inverters omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi a dzuwa ndi chakuti amaphatikizapo ntchito ya maximum power point tracking (MPPT).

mtundu

Gulu la kuchuluka kwa ntchito

(1) Inverter wamba

Kulowetsa kwa DC 12V kapena 24V, AC 220V, 50Hz kutulutsa, mphamvu kuchokera ku 75W kupita ku 5000W, mitundu ina imakhala ndi kutembenuka kwa AC ndi DC, ndiko kuti, UPS ntchito.

(2) Inverter/chaja makina onse-mu-amodzi

Mu mtundu uwu wa inverter, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphamvu kuti agwiritse ntchito katundu wa AC: pamene pali mphamvu ya AC, mphamvu ya AC imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupatsa mphamvu katunduyo kudzera mu inverter, kapena kulipira batri; pamene palibe mphamvu ya AC, batire imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupatsa mphamvu AC katundu. . Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito molumikizana ndi magwero osiyanasiyana amagetsi: mabatire, ma jenereta, mapanelo adzuwa ndi ma turbine amphepo.

(3) Inverter yapadera yama positi ndi ma telecommunication

Perekani ma inverter apamwamba kwambiri a 48V pama positi ndi ma telecommunication. Zogulitsazo ndi zabwinobwino, zodalirika kwambiri, ma modular (module ndi 1KW) ma inverters, ndipo ali ndi N + 1 redundancy ntchito ndipo amatha kukulitsidwa (mphamvu kuchokera ku 2KW mpaka 20KW). ).

(4) Inverter yapadera ya ndege ndi asilikali

Mtundu uwu wa inverter uli ndi 28Vdc athandizira ndipo angapereke zotsatirazi zotuluka AC: 26Vac, 115Vac, 230Vac. Mafupipafupi ake linanena bungwe akhoza kukhala: 50Hz, 60Hz ndi 400Hz, ndi linanena bungwe mphamvu ranges kuchokera 30VA kuti 3500VA. Palinso ma converter a DC-DC ndi ma frequency converter odzipatulira kuyendetsa ndege.

Kugawika kwa ma waveform

(1) Square wave inverter

Kutulutsa kwa AC voltage waveform ndi square wave inverter ndi mafunde a square. Maulendo a inverter omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mtundu uwu wa inverter sali ofanana ndendende, koma chodziwika bwino ndikuti dera ndilosavuta komanso kuchuluka kwa machubu osinthira magetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ochepa. Mphamvu zamapangidwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala pakati pa ma watts zana limodzi ndi kilowatt imodzi. Ubwino wa square wave inverter ndi: dera losavuta, mtengo wotsika mtengo komanso kukonza kosavuta. Choyipa chake ndikuti voteji ya square wave imakhala ndi ma harmonics ambiri apamwamba, omwe amatulutsa zotayika zowonjezera pazida zonyamula zida ndi ma inductors achitsulo kapena ma transfoma, zomwe zimapangitsa kusokoneza ma wayilesi ndi zida zina zoyankhulirana. Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu uwu wa inverter uli ndi zofooka monga kusakwanira kwa ma voltage regulation, chitetezo chosakwanira, komanso phokoso lalikulu.

(2) Masitepe wave inverter

Kutulutsa kwa AC voltage waveform ndi mtundu uwu wa inverter ndi gawo loyendera. Pali mizere yambiri yosiyanasiyana kuti inverter izindikire kutulutsa kwa mafunde, ndipo kuchuluka kwa masitepe mu mawonekedwe otulutsa kumasiyana kwambiri. Ubwino wa step wave inverter ndikuti mawonekedwe otulutsa amapangidwa bwino kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mawonekedwe a square wave, ndipo zomwe zili mumtundu wapamwamba kwambiri zimachepetsedwa. Masitepe akafika kupitilira 17, mawonekedwe a waveform amatha kukwaniritsa mafunde a quasi-sinusoidal. Pamene kutulutsa kwa transformerless kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, mphamvu zonse zimakhala zapamwamba kwambiri. Choyipa ndichakuti makwerero a superposition makwerero amagwiritsa ntchito machubu osinthira magetsi ambiri, ndipo mawonekedwe ena ozungulira amafunikira ma seti angapo amagetsi a DC. Izi zimabweretsa vuto pakuyika magulu ndi mawaya a ma cell a solar komanso kuyitanitsa mabatire moyenera. Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvu ya masitepe a masitepe akadali ndi zosokoneza kwambiri pamawayilesi ndi zida zina zoyankhulirana.

Sine wave inverter

Kutulutsa kwamagetsi kwa AC ndi sine wave inverter ndi sine wave. Ubwino wa sine wave inverter ndikuti ili ndi mawonekedwe abwino otuluka, kupotoza kochepa kwambiri, kusokoneza pang'ono kwa mawayilesi ndi zida, komanso phokoso lochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, ili ndi ntchito zoteteza kwathunthu komanso kuchita bwino kwambiri. Zoyipa zake ndi izi: dera ndizovuta, zimafuna ukadaulo wapamwamba wokonza, ndipo ndi okwera mtengo.

Magulu a mitundu itatu yomwe ili pamwambayi ndi yothandiza kwa okonza ndi ogwiritsa ntchito makina a photovoltaic ndi magetsi a mphepo kuti azindikire ndikusankha ma inverters. M'malo mwake, ma inverters omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe omwewo amakhalabe ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pamachitidwe ozungulira, zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, njira zowongolera, ndi zina zambiri.

Njira zina zamagulu

1. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya AC, imatha kugawidwa kukhala inverter yamagetsi, sing'anga ma frequency inverter ndi inverter yapamwamba kwambiri. Mafupipafupi a inverter yamagetsi ndi 50 mpaka 60Hz; pafupipafupi inverter yapakati pafupipafupi imakhala 400Hz mpaka kHz yopitilira khumi; pafupipafupi ma inverter apamwamba nthawi zambiri amakhala oposa kHz khumi mpaka MHz.

2. Malingana ndi chiwerengero cha magawo omwe amachokera ku inverter, akhoza kugawidwa mu inverter imodzi-gawo, inverter ya magawo atatu ndi inverter yamitundu yambiri.

3. Malinga ndi komwe kumachokera mphamvu ya inverter, imatha kugawidwa kukhala inverter yogwira ntchito ndi inverter yokhazikika. Inverter iliyonse yomwe imatumiza mphamvu yamagetsi ndi inverter kupita ku grid power grid imatchedwa inverter yogwira; inverter iliyonse yomwe imatumiza mphamvu yamagetsi ndi inverter ku katundu wina wamagetsi imatchedwa passive inverter. chipangizo.

4. Malingana ndi mawonekedwe a inverter main circuit, akhoza kugawidwa mu inverter imodzi yokha, push-pull inverter, theka-bridge inverter ndi full-bridge inverter.

5. Malinga ndi mtundu wa chipangizo chachikulu chosinthira cha inverter, chikhoza kugawidwa mu inverter ya thyristor, transistor inverter, inverter yamunda, ndi inverter yachipata cha bipolar transistor (IGBT). Ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: "semi-controlled" inverter ndi "kulamulidwa kwathunthu" inverter. Yoyambayo ilibe mphamvu yodziletsa yokha, ndipo chigawocho chimataya ntchito yake yolamulira pambuyo poyatsidwa, choncho imatchedwa "kulamulidwa" ndipo thyristors wamba amagwera m'gulu ili; chotsiriziracho chimakhala ndi mphamvu yodzimitsa yokha, ndiko kuti, palibe chipangizo Chotsegula ndi chozimitsa chikhoza kuyendetsedwa ndi electrode yolamulira, choncho imatchedwa "mtundu wolamulidwa kwathunthu". Ma transistors a Power field effect ndi insulated gate bi-power transistors (IGBT) onse ali m'gululi.

6. Malinga ndi magetsi a DC, amatha kugawidwa mu voliyumu yopangira magetsi (VSI) ndi inverter yamakono (CSI). M'mbuyomu, ma voliyumu a DC amakhala pafupifupi osasinthika, ndipo magetsi otulutsa ndi mafunde osinthika; pomalizira pake, magetsi a DC amakhala pafupifupi osasinthasintha, ndipo zotulukapo zake ndi mafunde osinthasintha.

7. Malinga ndi njira yoyendetsera inverter, imatha kugawidwa mu frequency modulation (PFM) inverter ndi pulse wide modulation (PWM) inverter.

8. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a ntchito ya inverter yosinthira dera, imatha kugawidwa kukhala inverter ya resonant, inverter yokhazikika yokhazikika komanso yokhazikika yofewa yosinthira.

9. Malinga ndi njira yosinthira ya inverter, imatha kugawidwa kukhala inverter yonyamula katundu komanso inverter yokhayokha.

Zosintha zamachitidwe:

Pali magawo ambiri ndi machitidwe aukadaulo omwe amafotokoza momwe inverter imagwirira ntchito. Apa timangofotokozera mwachidule za magawo aukadaulo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa ma inverters.

1. Mikhalidwe ya chilengedwe yogwiritsira ntchito inverter. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachizolowezi cha inverter: kutalika sikudutsa 1000m, ndipo kutentha kwa mpweya ndi 0 ~ + 40 ℃.

2. Kuyika kwa magetsi a DC, kusinthasintha kwamagetsi a DC: ± 15% ya mtengo wamagetsi ovotera wa paketi ya batri.

3. Voteji yovotera, mkati mwamitundu yovomerezeka yovomerezeka ya voliyumu ya DC, imayimira mtengo wamagetsi omwe inverter iyenera kutulutsa. Kulondola kosasunthika kwa mtengo wa voliyumu ya voliyumu nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi izi:

(1) Panthawi yogwira ntchito mokhazikika, kusinthasintha kwa magetsi kumayenera kukhala kochepa, mwachitsanzo, kupatuka kwake sikuyenera kupitirira ± 3% kapena ± 5% ya mtengo wake.

(2) M'malo osinthika pomwe katundu amasintha mwadzidzidzi kapena amakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zina zosokoneza, kupotoka kwamagetsi sikuyenera kupitirira ± 8% kapena ± 10% ya mtengo wake.

4. Kuyesedwa kwafupipafupi kutulutsa, ma frequency a inverter output AC voltage ayenera kukhala mtengo wokhazikika, nthawi zambiri mphamvu ya 50Hz. Kupatuka kuyenera kukhala mkati mwa ± 1% pansi pamikhalidwe yabwinobwino yogwirira ntchito.

5. Kuyesedwa kwaposachedwa kwaposachedwa (kapena kuwerengera mphamvu zotulutsa) kukuwonetsa kutulutsa komwe kumachokera pa inverter mkati mwa gawo lamphamvu lamphamvu. Zogulitsa zina za inverter zimapereka mphamvu yotulutsa, yowonetsedwa mu VA kapena kVA. Mphamvu yovotera ya inverter ndi pamene mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu ndi 1 (ndiko kuti, katundu wotsutsa), voliyumu yomwe idavotera ndizomwe zimapangidwa ndi zomwe zidaperekedwa pano.

6. Chovoteledwa linanena bungwe dzuwa. Kuchita bwino kwa inverter ndi chiŵerengero cha mphamvu zake zotuluka ku mphamvu yolowera pansi pamikhalidwe yodziwika yogwirira ntchito, yofotokozedwa mu%. Kugwira ntchito bwino kwa inverter pamlingo wovomerezeka ndikokwanira kunyamula katundu, ndipo kugwira ntchito bwino pa 10% ya mphamvu zomwe zidavotera ndizochepa kwambiri.

7. The pazipita harmonic zili inverter. Kwa sine wave inverter, pansi pa katundu wotsutsa, kuchuluka kwa ma harmonic pamagetsi otulutsa kuyenera kukhala ≤10%.

8. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya inverter kumatanthawuza kuthekera kwa inverter kuti itulutse zambiri kuposa mtengo wamtengo wapatali wamakono mu nthawi yochepa pansi pazikhalidwe zotchulidwa. Kuchulukirachulukira kwa inverter kuyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zina pansi pa chinthu chomwe chatchulidwa.

9. Mphamvu ya inverter ndi chiŵerengero cha inverter linanena bungwe mphamvu yogwira kwa athandizira yogwira mphamvu (kapena DC mphamvu) pansi oveteredwa linanena bungwe voteji, linanena bungwe panopa ndi chodziwika katundu mphamvu chinthu.

10. Katundu wamagetsi amayimira kuthekera kwa inverter kunyamula katundu wochititsa chidwi kapena capacitive. Pansi pamikhalidwe ya sine wave, mphamvu yonyamula katundu ndi 0.7 ~ 0.9 (lag), ndipo mtengo wake ndi 0.9.

11. Katundu wa asymmetry. Pansi pa 10% asymmetric katundu, asymmetry ya mphamvu yotulutsa ya inverter yokhazikika ya magawo atatu iyenera kukhala ≤10%.

12. Kusalinganika kwamagetsi otulutsa. Pazikhalidwe zogwirira ntchito, kusalinganika kwamagetsi a magawo atatu (chiwerengero cha gawo lotsatizana motsatizana ndi gawo lotsatizana labwino) kutulutsa kwa inverter sikuyenera kupitilira mtengo womwe watchulidwa, womwe umawonetsedwa mu%, monga 5% kapena 8%.

13. Makhalidwe oyambira: Pazikhalidwe zogwirira ntchito, inverter iyenera kuyamba nthawi zonse 5 motsatizana pansi pa katundu wathunthu komanso osanyamula katundu.

14. Ntchito zotetezera, inverter iyenera kukhazikitsidwa: chitetezo chozungulira chachifupi, chitetezo cha overcurrent, chitetezo cha kutentha, chitetezo cha overvoltage, chitetezo cha undervoltage ndi chitetezo cha gawo. Pakati pawo, chitetezo cha overvoltage chimatanthawuza kuti kwa ma inverters opanda njira zokhazikitsira magetsi, payenera kukhala njira zodzitetezera kupitilira mphamvu zoteteza ma terminal kuti asawonongeke ndi kuchulukira kwamagetsi. Kutetezedwa kopitilira muyeso kumatanthawuza kutetezedwa kopitilira muyeso kwa inverter, yomwe iyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti ikugwira ntchito panthawi yake pamene katunduyo ali waufupi kapena waposachedwa kwambiri kuposa mtengo wovomerezeka kuti atetezedwe ku kuwonongeka ndi kuchuluka kwaposachedwa.

15. Kusokoneza ndi kusokoneza, inverter iyenera kupirira kusokonezeka kwa electromagnetic m'malo ambiri pansi pamikhalidwe yodziwika bwino yogwirira ntchito. Kuchita kwa anti-kusokoneza komanso kuyanjana kwamagetsi kwa inverter kuyenera kutsata miyezo yoyenera.

16. Ma inverters omwe sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, kuyang'aniridwa ndi kusungidwa ayenera kukhala ≤95db; ma inverters omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi, kuyang'aniridwa ndi kusamalidwa ayenera kukhala ≤80db.

17. Kuwonetsa, inverter iyenera kukhala ndi mawonetseredwe a deta a magawo monga AC output voltage, zotuluka panopa ndi zotuluka pafupipafupi, ndi kusonyeza chizindikiro cha zolowetsa akukhala moyo, mphamvu ndi zolakwa udindo.

18. Ntchito yolankhulana. Ntchito yolumikizirana yakutali imalola ogwiritsa ntchito kuyang'ana momwe makinawo amagwirira ntchito ndikusunga deta popanda kupita patsamba.

19. Kusokonekera kwa ma waveform kwa magetsi otulutsa. Mphamvu yotulutsa inverter ikakhala sinusoidal, kupotoza kovomerezeka kovomerezeka kwa ma waveform (kapena zamkati) kuyenera kufotokozedwa. Nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa ngati kupotoza kwa ma waveform amagetsi otulutsa, mtengo wake suyenera kupitilira 5% (10% imaloledwa kutulutsa gawo limodzi).

20. Makhalidwe oyambira, omwe amadziwika kuti inverter amatha kuyamba ndi katundu ndi ntchito yake panthawi yogwira ntchito. Inverter iyenera kuonetsetsa kuti yodalirika kuyambira pansi pa katundu wovotera.

21. Phokoso. Ma Transformers, ma inductors a fyuluta, ma switch ma electromagnetic, mafani ndi zinthu zina pazida zamagetsi zonse zimatulutsa phokoso. Pamene inverter ikugwira ntchito bwino, phokoso lake siliyenera kupitirira 80dB, ndipo phokoso la inverter yaying'ono siliyenera kupitirira 65dB.

Makhalidwe a batri:

PV batire

Kuti mupange makina osinthira dzuwa, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kaye mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a ma cell a solar (PV cell). Rp ndi Rs ndi zotsutsana ndi parasitic, zomwe zimakhala zopanda malire komanso ziro motsatira nthawi yabwino.

Kuwala kowala komanso kutentha kumatha kukhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a maselo a PV. Pakali pano ndi molingana ndi mphamvu ya kuwala, koma kusintha kwa kuwala sikukhudza kwambiri mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito. Komabe, mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito imakhudzidwa ndi kutentha. Kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa batri kumachepetsa mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito koma imakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa pa zomwe zimapangidwira panopa. Chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa chikuwonetsa zotsatira za kutentha ndi kuwala pa ma module a PV.

Kusintha kwa mphamvu ya kuwala kumakhudza kwambiri mphamvu ya batri kuposa kusintha kwa kutentha. Izi ndi zoona kwa zipangizo zonse za PV zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chotsatira chofunikira cha kuphatikiza kwa zotsatira ziwirizi ndikuti mphamvu ya selo ya PV imachepa ndi kuchepa kwa kuwala komanso / kapena kutentha.

Maximum power point (MPP)

Maselo a dzuwa amatha kugwira ntchito pamitundu yambiri yamagetsi ndi mafunde. MPP imatsimikiziridwa ndikupitiriza kuonjezera katundu wotsutsa pa selo yowunikiridwa kuchokera ku zero (chochitika chachifupi) kupita ku mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri (chochitika chotseguka). MPP ndiye malo ogwirira ntchito pomwe V x I imafikira pamtengo wake wapamwamba kwambiri ndipo pakuwunikira uku kukulira Mphamvu yayikulu imatha kupezedwa. Mphamvu yotulutsa pamene kagawo kakang'ono (PV voteji ikufanana ndi ziro) kapena dera lotseguka (PV yapano ikufanana ndi ziro) chochitika chimachitika ndi ziro.

Maselo apamwamba a monocrystalline silicon solar amapanga magetsi otseguka a 0.60 volts pa kutentha kwa 25 ° C. Ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi kutentha kwa mpweya wa 25 ° C, kutentha kwa selo lopatsidwa kungakhale pafupi ndi 45 ° C, zomwe zingachepetse voteji yotseguka mpaka pafupifupi 0.55V. Pamene kutentha kumawonjezeka, magetsi otseguka akupitirizabe kuchepa mpaka PV Module yochepa.

Mphamvu zazikulu pa batire kutentha kwa 45 ° C nthawi zambiri amapangidwa pa 80% lotseguka dera voteji ndi 90% yochepa dera panopa. Mphamvu yamagetsi yayifupi ya batri imakhala yofanana ndi kuunikira, ndipo magetsi otsegula amatha kutsika ndi 10% pamene kuunikira kumachepetsedwa ndi 80%. Mabatire otsika amatha kuchepetsa voteji mwachangu pamene mphamvu ikuwonjezeka, motero kuchepetsa mphamvu yomwe ilipo. Zotsatira zatsika kuchokera pa 70% mpaka 50%, kapena 25% yokha.

Solar microinverter iyenera kuonetsetsa kuti ma PV modules akugwira ntchito ku MPP nthawi iliyonse kuti mphamvu zambiri zipezeke kuchokera ku ma PV modules. Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira yowongolera mphamvu yamphamvu kwambiri, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT). Kupeza chiŵerengero chapamwamba cha kutsata kwa MPP kumafunanso kuti PV output voltage ripple ndi yaying'ono mokwanira kuti PV yamakono isasinthe kwambiri pamene ikugwira ntchito pafupi ndi malo apamwamba kwambiri.

Mitundu ya voteji ya MPP ya PV modules nthawi zambiri imatha kufotokozedwa mumtundu wa 25V mpaka 45V, ndi mphamvu yopangira pafupifupi 250W ndi magetsi otseguka pansi pa 50V.

Kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kukonza:

ntchito

1. Lumikizani ndi kukhazikitsa zida mosamalitsa malinga ndi zofunikira za inverter ntchito ndi malangizo kukonza. Pakuyika, muyenera kuyang'ana mosamala: ngati waya wa waya akukwaniritsa zofunikira; kaya zigawo ndi ma terminals ali otayirira panthawi yamayendedwe; ngati mbali zotsekerazo zili bwino; ngati maziko a dongosolo akukumana ndi malamulo.

2. Inverter iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamalitsa motsatira malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito ndi kukonza. Makamaka: musanayatse makinawo, samalani ngati magetsi olowera ndi abwinobwino; pakugwira ntchito, samalani ngati kutsatizana kwa kuyatsa ndi kuyimitsa makina ndikolondola, komanso ngati zisonyezo za mita iliyonse ndi kuwala kowonetsa ndizabwinobwino.

3. Ma inverters nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chitetezo chodziwikiratu cha kuwonongeka kwa dera, overcurrent, overvoltage, overheating ndi zinthu zina, kotero pamene zochitika izi zikuchitika, palibe chifukwa chotseka pamanja; mfundo zodzitchinjiriza zodzitchinjiriza nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa pafakitale, ndipo palibe chifukwa chosinthiranso.

4. Pali voteji mkulu mu kabati inverter. Ogwira ntchito nthawi zambiri saloledwa kutsegula chitseko cha nduna, ndipo chitseko cha kabati chiyenera kukhala chokhoma nthawi wamba.

5. Pamene kutentha kwa chipinda kumadutsa 30 ° C, kutentha kwa kutentha ndi kuzizira kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti zisawonongeke zida ndi kuwonjezera moyo wautumiki wa zipangizo.

Kusamalira ndi kuyendera

1. Yang'anani nthawi zonse ngati mawaya a gawo lililonse la inverter ali olimba komanso ngati pali looseness. Makamaka, chofanizira, gawo lamagetsi, cholumikizira cholowera, chotulutsa zotulutsa ndi poyambira ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala.

2. Alamu akatseka, sikuloledwa kuyamba nthawi yomweyo. Chifukwa chake chidziwike ndikukonzedwa musanayambe. Kuyang'anira kuyenera kuchitidwa mosamalitsa malinga ndi masitepe omwe afotokozedwa m'buku lokonzekera la inverter.

3. Ogwira ntchito ayenera kulandira maphunziro apadera ndikutha kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa zolakwika zambiri ndikuzichotsa, monga kusintha mwaluso m'malo mwa fuse, zigawo, ndi matabwa owonongeka. Ogwira ntchito osaphunzitsidwa saloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizozi.

4. Ngati ngozi ikuchitika yomwe ndi yovuta kuthetsa kapena chifukwa cha ngozi sichidziwika bwino, zolemba zatsatanetsatane za ngozi ziyenera kusungidwa ndipo wopanga ma inverter ayenera kudziwitsidwa panthawi yake kuti athetse.