Raba zane-zane na caja mai hasken rana

Acajar baturi mai rana wata na'ura ce da ke amfani da makamashin hasken rana wajen yin caji kuma yawanci tana kunshe da na'urar hasken rana, na'urar caji da baturi. Ka'idar aikinsa ita ce canza makamashin hasken rana zuwa makamashin lantarki, sannan adana makamashin lantarki zuwa baturi ta hanyar mai sarrafa caji. Lokacin da ake buƙatar caji, ta hanyar haɗa kayan aikin caji daidai (kamar wayoyin hannu, kwamfutar hannu, da sauransu), za a canza wutar lantarki a cikin baturin zuwa kayan caji don yin caji.

Ka'idar aiki na caja baturi na hasken rana yana dogara ne akan tasirin hoto, wanda shine lokacin da hasken rana ya shiga cikin hasken rana, makamashin haske ya canza zuwa makamashin lantarki. Za a sarrafa wannan makamashin lantarki ta mai kula da caji, gami da daidaita wutar lantarki da sigogi na yanzu don tabbatar da aminci da ingantaccen caji. Manufar baturi shine adana makamashin lantarki don samar da wuta lokacin da babu ƙarancin rana ko babu.

Cajin batirin hasken rana suna da aikace-aikace da yawa, gami da amma ba'a iyakance ga wurare masu zuwa ba:

Kayan aiki na waje: irin su wayar hannu, kwamfutar hannu, kyamarori, fitilu, da dai sauransu, musamman a cikin daji ko a wuraren da babu wasu hanyoyin caji.

Motocin lantarki masu amfani da hasken rana da jiragen ruwa masu amfani da hasken rana: Yana ba da ƙarin ƙarfi ga batura na waɗannan na'urori.

Fitilar titin hasken rana da allunan tallan hasken rana: samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar tasirin hoto, rage dogaro ga wutar lantarki na gargajiya.

Yankuna masu nisa ko ƙasashe masu tasowa: A waɗannan wurare, caja na baturi na hasken rana na iya zama amintacciyar hanya don samar da wuta ga mazauna.

A takaice, cajar baturi mai amfani da hasken rana wata na’ura ce da ke amfani da makamashin hasken rana wajen yin caji. Ka'idar aikinsa ta dogara ne akan tasirin photovoltaic don canza makamashin haske zuwa makamashin lantarki. Saboda kariyar muhallinsa, tanadin makamashi da halayen dogaro, caja masu amfani da hasken rana suna da fa'idodin aikace-aikace a fagage daban-daban.

Bayan haka, editan zai raba muku wasu zane-zane na da'ira na caja mai hasken rana da taƙaitaccen nazarin ƙa'idodin aikinsu.

Raba zane-zane na caja mai hasken rana

Rana lithium-ion baturi kewaye zane (1)

Wurin cajin baturin lithium-ion mai sauƙi mai sauƙi wanda aka ƙera ta amfani da IC CN3065 tare da ƴan abubuwan waje. Wannan kewaye tana ba da ƙarfin fitarwa akai-akai kuma za mu iya daidaita madaidaicin matakin ƙarfin lantarki ta hanyar ƙimar Rx (a nan Rx = R3). Wannan da'irar tana amfani da 4.4V zuwa 6V na hasken rana azaman shigar da wutar lantarki,

IC CN3065 cikakken m halin yanzu, m ƙarfin lantarki mikakke caja ga guda-cell Li-ion da Li-polymer batura masu caji. Wannan IC yana ba da matsayin caji da matsayin kammala caji. Ana samunsa a cikin fakitin DFN 8-pin.

IC CN3065 yana da on-chip 8-bit ADC wanda ke daidaita caji ta atomatik dangane da iyawar shigar da wutar lantarki. Wannan IC ya dace da tsarin samar da wutar lantarki. IC yana da aiki na yau da kullun da na yau da kullun na ƙarfin lantarki kuma yana fasalta ƙa'idodin thermal don haɓaka ƙimar caji ba tare da haɗarin zafi ba. Wannan IC yana ba da aikin jin zafin baturi.

A cikin wannan da'ira mai cajin baturi na lithium ion hasken rana za mu iya amfani da kowane 4.2V zuwa 6V solar panel kuma cajin baturi ya kamata ya zama baturin lithium ion 4.2V. Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, wannan IC CN3065 yana da duk abin da ake buƙata na cajin baturi akan guntu kuma ba ma buƙatar abubuwan waje da yawa. Ana amfani da wutar lantarki daga hasken rana kai tsaye zuwa fil ɗin Vin ta hanyar J1. C1 capacitor yana yin aikin tacewa. Ledojin ja yana nuna halin caji kuma koren LED yana nuna halin kammala caji. Sami ƙarfin fitarwar baturi daga fil ɗin BAT na CN3065. An haɗa ra'ayoyin da fitilun gano zafin jiki a cikin J2.

Jadawalin da'ira mai cajin batirin hasken rana (2)

Makamashin hasken rana yana daya daga cikin nau'ikan makamashin da ake sabunta su kyauta a duniya. Ƙaruwar buƙatun makamashi ya tilastawa mutane neman hanyoyin samun wutar lantarki daga hanyoyin da za a iya sabuntawa, kuma da alama makamashin hasken rana ya zama tushen makamashi mai albarka. Da'irar da ke sama za ta nuna yadda ake gina da'irar cajar baturi mai amfani da yawa daga madaidaicin hasken rana.

Da'irar tana jan wuta daga 12V, 5W na hasken rana wanda ke canza makamashin hasken da ya faru zuwa makamashin lantarki. An kara Diode 1N4001 don hana motsi daga gudana ta hanyar baya, yana haifar da lalacewar hasken rana.

Ana ƙara resistor R1 mai iyakancewa na yanzu zuwa LED don nuna alkiblar na yanzu. Sa'an nan kuma ya zo da sassauƙan ɓangaren kewayawa, yana ƙara mai sarrafa wutar lantarki don daidaita wutar lantarki da samun matakin ƙarfin lantarki da ake so. IC 7805 yana samar da fitarwa na 5V, yayin da IC 7812 ke samar da fitarwa na 12V.

Ana amfani da Resistors R2 da R3 don iyakance cajin halin yanzu zuwa mafi aminci matakin. Kuna iya amfani da da'irar da ke sama don cajin batir Ni-MH da batir Li-ion. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da ƙarin mai sarrafa wutar lantarki ICs don samun matakan ƙarfin fitarwa daban-daban.

Jadawalin da'ira mai cajin batirin hasken rana (3)

Da’irar cajar batir mai amfani da hasken rana ba komai ba ne illa comparator dual comparator wanda ke haɗa hasken rana da baturi a lokacin da ƙarfin wutar lantarki a ƙarshen ƙarshen ya yi ƙasa kuma ya cire haɗin shi idan ya wuce ƙayyadaddun ƙira. Tunda yana auna ƙarfin baturi kawai, ya dace musamman ga batir ɗin gubar, ruwayen electrolyte ko colloids, waɗanda suka fi dacewa da wannan hanyar.

Ana raba wutar lantarki ta baturi ta R3 kuma an aika zuwa masu kwatanta biyu a cikin IC2. Lokacin da ya yi ƙasa da matakin da aka ƙaddara ta hanyar P2, IC2B ya zama babban matakin, wanda kuma ya sa fitowar IC2C ya zama babban matakin. T1 yana saturates da relay RL1, yana ba da damar hasken rana don cajin baturi ta hanyar D3. Lokacin da ƙarfin baturi ya wuce matakin da P1 ya saita, duka abubuwan ICA da IC-C suna raguwa, yana haifar da buɗewar relay, don haka guje wa wuce gona da iri yayin caji. Don daidaita ƙofofin da P1 da P2 suka ƙaddara, an sanye su da haɗaɗɗun mai sarrafa wutar lantarki IC, keɓe sosai daga ƙarfin wutar lantarki ta hasken rana ta hanyar D2 da C4.

Jadawalin da'ira mai cajin batirin hasken rana (4)

Wannan siffa ce ta tsarin da'irar cajar baturi da ke aiki da tantanin halitta guda ɗaya. An ƙera wannan da'ira ta amfani da MC14011B wanda ON Semiconductor ke samarwa. Ana iya amfani da CD4093 don maye gurbin MC14011B. Kewayon wutar lantarki na samarwa: 3.0VDC zuwa 18VDC.

Wannan da'irar tana cajin baturi 9V a kusan 30mA a kowace amp na shigarwa a 0.4V. U1 shine quad Schmitt mai faɗakarwa wanda za'a iya amfani dashi azaman multivibrator mai ƙarfi don fitar da na'urorin TMOS Q1 da Q2. Ana samun wutar lantarki don U1 daga baturin 9V ta hanyar D4; Ana samar da wutar lantarki don Q1 da Q2 ta hanyar hasken rana. Mitar multivibrator, wanda aka ƙaddara ta R2-C1, an saita zuwa 180 Hz don iyakar dacewa na 6.3V filament transformer T1. Na biyu na na'ura mai canzawa yana haɗe zuwa cikakken gada mai daidaitawa D1 wanda ke haɗa da baturin da ake caji. Ƙaramin baturin nickel-cadmium shine ƙarancin ƙarfin motsa jiki wanda ke ba da damar tsarin dawowa lokacin da baturin 9V ya cika.